Influence of active muscle mass on glucose homeostasis during exercise in humans
Abstract
To study the effect of increasing amounts of exercising muscle mass on the relationship between glucose mobilization and peripheral glucose uptake, seven young men (23-28 yr) bicycled for 70 min at a work load of 55-60% VO2max. From minute 30 to 50, arm cranking was added and total work load increased to 82 +/- 4% VO2max. During leg exercise, hepatic glucose production (Ra) increased in parallel with peripheral glucose uptake (Rd) and euglycemia was maintained. During arm + leg exercise, Ra increased more than Rd and accordingly plasma glucose increased from 5.11 +/- 0.22 to 8.00 +/- 0.66 mmol/l (P less than 0.05). Plasma catecholamines increased three- to four-fold more during arm + leg exercise than during leg exercise. Leg glucose uptake increased with time regardless of arm cranking. Net leg lactate release during leg exercise was reverted to a net leg lactate uptake during arm + leg exercise. The rate of glycogen breakdown in exercising leg muscle was not altered by addition of arm cranking. In conclusion, when large amounts of muscle mass are active, plasma catecholamines increase sharply and mobilization of glucose exceeds peripheral glucose uptake. This indicates that mechanisms other than feedback regulation to maintain euglycemia are involved in hormonal and substrate mobilization during intense exercise in humans.
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Blood glucose concentrations exhibit a disproportionate increase at the onset of exercise as a result of a rise in blood glucose production from the liver that relatively exceeds glucose uptake.
“With regards to feedforward mechanisms, it was reported that blood glucose concentrations exhibit a disproportionate increase at the onset of exercise as a result of a rise in blood glucose production from the liver that relatively exceeds glucose uptake [117].”
From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [117]
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Muscle Blood Flow During Intense Exercise in the Obese Rat
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Refeeding after caloric restriction reverses altered liver glucose release
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Exercise-Regulated Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake
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Self-citationA single bout of physical exercise improves 1-hour post-load plasma glucose in healthy young adults
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“During steady-state (55% V_ O2max) lower-body exercise, additional arm ergometry increases submaximal V_ O2 by ;27% (12).”
BackgroundActive muscle mass affects endurance physiology: A review on single versus double-leg cycling
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Adrenergic Regulation of Energy Metabolism
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- Authors
- Kjaer, M., Kiens, B., Hargreaves, M., & Richter, E. A.
- Affiliations
- August Krogh Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1991-08-01
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 552-557
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2287355722
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- glucose homeostasis, muscle mass, physical activity, hepatic glucose production, peripheral glucose uptake, normoglycemia, plasma catecholamines, arm cranking, lactate, glycogenolysis, glucose mobilization, high-intensity exercise
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arm, Blood Glucose, Catecholamines, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Glucose, Glycerol, Homeostasis, Hormones, Humans, Insulin, Leg, Liver, Male, Muscles, Organ Size, Oxygen Consumption, Regional Blood Flow, Exercise
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