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Cited by 261Spaceflight effects on biologyMuscle Physiology and DisordersCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Impact of resistance exercise during bed rest on skeletal muscle sarcopenia and myosin isoform distribution

Bamman, Marcas M., Clarke, Mark S. F., Feeback, Daniel L., Talmadge, Robert J., Stevens, Bruce R., Lieberman, Steven A., Greenisen, Michael C.·1998·Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.1.157
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Abstract

Bamman, Marcas M., Mark S. F. Clarke, Daniel L. Feeback, Robert J. Talmadge, Bruce R. Stevens, Steven A. Lieberman, and Michael C. Greenisen. Impact of resistance exercise during bed rest on skeletal muscle sarcopenia and myosin isoform distribution. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 157–163, 1998.—Because resistance exercise (REx) and bed-rest unloading (BRU) are associated with opposing adaptations, our purpose was to test the efficacy of REx against the effects of 14 days of BRU on the knee-extensor muscle group. Sixteen healthy men were randomly assigned to no exercise (NoEx; n = 8) or REx ( n = 8). REx performed five sets of leg press exercise with 80–85% of one repetition maximum (1 RM) every other day during BRU. Muscle samples were removed from the vastus lateralis muscle by percutaneous needle biopsy. Myofiber distribution was determined immunohistochemically with three monoclonal antibodies against myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms (I, IIa, IIx). MHC distribution was further assessed by quantitative gel electrophoresis. Dynamic 1-RM leg press and unilateral maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) were determined. Maximal neural activation (root mean squared electromyogram) and rate of torque development (RTD) were measured during MVC. Reductions ( P < 0.05) in type I (15%) and type II (17%) myofiber cross-sectional areas were found in NoEx but not in REx. Electrophoresis revealed no changes in MHC isoform distribution. The percentage of type IIx myofibers decreased ( P < 0.05) in REx from 9 to 2% and did not change in NoEx. 1 RM was reduced ( P < 0.05) by 9% in NoEx but was unchanged in REx. MVC fell by 15 and 13% in NoEx and REx, respectively. The agonist-to-antagonist root mean squared electromyogram ratio decreased ( P < 0.05) 19% in REx. RTD slowed ( P < 0.05) by 54% in NoEx only. Results indicate that REx prevented BRU-induced myofiber atrophy and also maintained training-specific strength. Unlike spaceflight, BRU did not induce shifts in myosin phenotype. The reported benefits of REx may prove useful in prescribing exercise for astronauts in microgravity.

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  • Evidence supports the combination of exercise and protein/amino acid supplementation for prevention and treatment of muscle loss in certain debilitating clinical conditions, including bed rest for acute critical illness or injury and chronic diseases such as COPD and congestive heart failure.

    “Evidence supports the combination of exercise and protein/amino acid supplementation for prevention and treatment of muscle loss in certain debilitating clinical conditions, including bed rest for acute critical illness or injury 153e160 and also for chronic diseases, such as COPD 161e165 and congestive heart failure (CHF).99,163,166”

    From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [153]

  • Exercise is recognized to provide a potent anabolic stimulus to muscle, even among patients who are mostly limited to bed rest.

    “Exercise is recognized to provide a potent anabolic stimulus to muscle, even among patients who are mostly limited to bed rest.153,157,168”

    From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [153]

  • The trend of bed rest-induced atrophy of knee extensor muscles is in accordance with the underlying cellular and subcellular adaptations.

    “Taking into consideration our calculations with relative deltas, the trend of bed rest-induced atrophy of knee extensor muscles is in accordance with the underlying cellular and subcellular adaptations (38).”

    From Nonuniform loss of muscle strength and atrophy during bed rest: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [38]

  • Histochemical investigations modeled a logarithmic time course of myofiber atrophy, which is proportional to changes in muscle CSA.

    “Using histochemical investigations, the authors modeled a logarithmic time course of myofiber atrophy, which is proportional to changes in muscle CSA despite the effect on muscle fiber distribution and changes in isoforms (38).”

    From Nonuniform loss of muscle strength and atrophy during bed rest: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [38]

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Authors
Bamman, M. M., Clarke, M. S. F., Feeback, D. L., Talmadge, R. J., Stevens, B. R., Lieberman, S. A., & Greenisen, M. C.
Affiliations
  • University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • University of Florida (US)
  • The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
1998-01-01
Volume
84
Issue
1
Pages
157-163
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
DOI
10.1152/jappl.1998.84.1.157
OpenAlex
W2164418891
Cited by
261
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 11
FWCI
5.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR-00073, M01RR000073)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
resistance training, myosin heavy chain isoforms, muscle fiber atrophy, knee extensors, leg press, muscle strength, rate of torque development, neuronal activation, electromyography, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, astronauts
MeSH terms
Adult, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Leg, Male, Myofibrils, Myosins, Rest, Exercise, Weightlessness Simulation, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Myosin Heavy Chains

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