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Cited by 251Lower Extremity Biomechanics and PathologiesBalance, Gait, and Falls PreventionCardiovascular and exercise physiology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Independent metabolic costs of supporting body weight and accelerating body mass during walking

Grabowski, Alena, Farley, Claire T., Kram, Rodger·2005·Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00734.2004
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Abstract

The metabolic cost of walking is determined by many mechanical tasks, but the individual contribution of each task remains unclear. We hypothesized that the force generated to support body weight and the work performed to redirect and accelerate body mass each individually incur a significant metabolic cost during normal walking. To test our hypothesis, we measured changes in metabolic rate in response to combinations of simulated reduced gravity and added loading. We found that reducing body weight by simulating reduced gravity modestly decreased net metabolic rate. By calculating the metabolic cost per Newton of reduced body weight, we deduced that generating force to support body weight comprises approximately 28% of the metabolic cost of normal walking. Similar to previous loading studies, we found that adding both weight and mass increased net metabolic rate in more than direct proportion to load. However, when we added mass alone by using a combination of simulated reduced gravity and added load, net metabolic rate increased about one-half as much as when we added both weight and mass. By calculating the cost per kilogram of added mass, we deduced that the work performed on the center of mass comprises approximately 45% of the metabolic cost of normal walking. Our findings support the hypothesis that force and work each incur a significant metabolic cost. Specifically, the cost of performing work to redirect and accelerate the center of mass is almost twice as great as…

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Crossref · 10.1152/japplphysiol.00734.2004

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Griffin TM, Stern J, Frankovic S, and Kram R.Mechanics and energetics of walking: insights from load carrying experiments. In:Proceedings of the Third North American Congress on Biomechanics NACOB98, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada,14–18 August1998.

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Metadata

Authors
Grabowski, A., Farley, C. T., & Kram, R.
Affiliations
University of Colorado Boulder (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2005-02
Volume
98
Issue
2
Pages
579-583
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
DOI
10.1152/japplphysiol.00734.2004
OpenAlex
W2017291484
Cited by
251
References
21
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 5
FWCI
7.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r29ar044688-06)
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR-44688)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
energy cost of walking, body weight support, center of mass acceleration, metabolic rate, mechanical work, force generation
MeSH terms
Acceleration, Adult, Computer Simulation, Energy Transfer, Female, Humans, Locomotion, Male, Models, Biological, Oxygen Consumption, Stress, Mechanical, Task Performance and Analysis, Weight-Bearing, Weightlessness Simulation

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