Cited by 251Lower Extremity Biomechanics and PathologiesBalance, Gait, and Falls PreventionCardiovascular and exercise physiology

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Independent metabolic costs of supporting body weight and accelerating body mass during walking

Grabowski, Alena, Farley, Claire T., Kram, Rodger·2005·Journal of Applied Physiology

DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00734.2004

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Abstract

The metabolic cost of walking is determined by many mechanical tasks, but the individual contribution of each task remains unclear. We hypothesized that the force generated to support body weight and the work performed to redirect and accelerate body mass each individually incur a significant metabolic cost during normal walking. To test our hypothesis, we measured changes in metabolic rate in response to combinations of simulated reduced gravity and added loading. We found that reducing body weight by simulating reduced gravity modestly decreased net metabolic rate. By calculating the metabolic cost per Newton of reduced body weight, we deduced that generating force to support body weight comprises approximately 28% of the metabolic cost of normal walking. Similar to previous loading studies, we found that adding both weight and mass increased net metabolic rate in more than direct proportion to load. However, when we added mass alone by using a combination of simulated reduced gravity and added load, net metabolic rate increased about one-half as much as when we added both weight and mass. By calculating the cost per kilogram of added mass, we deduced that the work performed on the center of mass comprises approximately 45% of the metabolic cost of normal walking. Our findings support the hypothesis that force and work each incur a significant metabolic cost. Specifically, the cost of performing work to redirect and accelerate the center of mass is almost twice as great as…

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Authors: Grabowski, A., Farley, C. T., & Kram, R.
Affiliations: University of Colorado Boulder (US)
ORCID: Grabowski, Alena
Kram, Rodger
Venue: Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2005-02
Volume: 98
Issue: 2
Pages: 579-583
ISSN: 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
8750-7587
1522-1601
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00734.2004
OpenAlex: W2017291484
Cited by: 251
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 7.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r29ar044688-06)
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR-44688)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords: energy cost of walking, body weight support, center of mass acceleration, metabolic rate, mechanical work, force generation
MeSH terms: Acceleration, Adult, Computer Simulation, Energy Transfer, Female, Humans, Locomotion, Male, Models, Biological, Oxygen Consumption, Stress, Mechanical, Task Performance and Analysis, Weight-Bearing, Weightlessness Simulation

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Independent metabolic costs of supporting body weight and accelerating body mass during walking

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