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Cited by 89Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyPhysical Activity and HealthSports Performance and Training

Separate and combined effects of exercise training and weight loss on exercise efficiency and substrate oxidation

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Amati, Francesca, Dubé, John J., Shay, Chris, Goodpaster, Bret H.·2008·Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.90384.2008PMC PMC2536819
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Abstract

Perturbations in body weight have been shown to affect energy expenditure and efficiency during physical activity. The separate effects of weight loss and exercise training on exercise efficiency or the proportion of energy derived from fat oxidation during physical activity, however, are not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the separate and combined effects of exercise training and weight loss on metabolic efficiency, economy (EC), and fat oxidation during steady-state moderate submaximal exercise. Sixty-four sedentary older (67 ± 0.5 yr) overweight to obese (30.7 ± 0.4 kg/m 2) volunteers completed 4 mo of either diet-induced weight loss (WL; n = 11), exercise training (EX; n = 36), or the combination of both interventions (WLEX; n = 17). Energy expenditure, gross efficiency (GE), EC, and proportion of energy expended from fat (EF) were determined during a 1-h submaximal (50% of peak aerobic capacity) cycle ergometry exercise before the intervention and at the same absolute work rate after the intervention. We found that EX increased GE by 4.7 ± 2.2%. EC was similarly increased by 4.2 ± 2.1% by EX. The addition of concomitant WL to EX (WLEX) resulted in greater increases in GE (9.0 ± 3.3%) compared with WL alone but not compared with EX alone. These effects remained after adjusting for changes in lean body mass. The proportion of energy derived from fat during the bout of moderate exercise increased with EX and WLEX but not with WL. From these findings, we conclude that exercise training, either alone or in combination with weight loss, increases both exercise efficiency and the utilization of fat during moderate physical activity in previously sedentary, obese older adults. Weight loss alone, however, significantly improves neither efficiency nor utilization of fat during exercise.

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  • For several physical and strength-performance measures, greater improvements were observed in the combined groups than in the diet-only groups.

    “Moreover, for several physical and strengthperformance measures, greater improvements were observed in the combined groups than in the diet-only groups (288-291, 293-297, 299).”

    From ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics (2022) · cites this paper as [299]

    The Results (page unavailable) report greater improvements in peak aerobic capacity, gross efficiency, and exercise economy in the combined exercise-and-diet group than in the diet-only group. The paper does not report strength-performance measures, so it supports the physical-fitness comparison but not that part of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • In ten trials, a weight-reducing diet alone resulted in the desired weight loss, which consisted of fat mass as well as lean mass.

    “In ten trials, a weight-reducing diet alone resulted in the desired weight loss, which consisted of fat mass as well as lean mass (290)(291)(292)(294)(295)(296)(297)(298)(299).”

    From ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics (2022) · cites this paper as [299]

  • The combination with exercise training had comparable if not greater effects than the singular weight-reducing diets regarding the reduction of body weight and fat mass, while often preserving lean mass better than diet alone.

    “The combination with J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f exercise training had comparable if not greater effects than the singular weight-reducing diets regarding the reduction of BW and fat mass, while often preserving lean mass better than diet alone (289-291, 295-297, 299).”

    From ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics (2022) · cites this paper as [299]

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Authors
Amati, F., Dubé, J. J., Shay, C., & Goodpaster, B. H.
Affiliations
University of Pittsburgh (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2008-09
Volume
105
Issue
3
Pages
825-831
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
DOI
10.1152/japplphysiol.90384.2008
PMC
PMC2536819
OpenAlex
W2130005956
Cited by
89
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
FWCI
18.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005, 5p30dk046204-15)
  • National Institute on Aging (R01 AG20128)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1P30DK-46204)
  • National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000056, 5 M01 RR00056)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
exercise training, weight loss, metabolic efficiency, exercise economy, fat oxidation, substrate oxidation, energy expenditure, overweight, submaximal exercise, lean body mass
MeSH terms
Aged, Combined Modality Therapy, Diet, Reducing, Energy Metabolism, Exercise Test, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Muscle Contraction, Obesity, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Pilot Projects, Weight Loss, Treatment Outcome, Muscle, Skeletal, Overweight, Lipid Metabolism

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