Pitfalls in the dipolar model for the neocortical EEG sources
Abstract
For about six decades, primary current sources of the electroencephalogram (EEG) have been assumed dipolar in nature. In this study, we used electrophysiological recordings from anesthetized Wistar rats undergoing repeated whisker deflections to revise the biophysical foundations of the EEG dipolar model. In a first experiment, we performed three-dimensional recordings of extracellular potentials from a large portion of the barrel field to estimate intracortical multipolar moments generated either by single spiking neurons (i.e., pyramidal cells, PC; spiny stellate cells, SS) or by populations of them while experiencing synchronized postsynaptic potentials. As expected, backpropagating spikes along PC dendrites caused dipolar field components larger in the direction perpendicular to the cortical surface (49.7 ± 22.0 nA·mm). In agreement with the fact that SS cells have “close-field” configurations, their dipolar moment at any direction was negligible. Surprisingly, monopolar field components were detectable both at the level of single units (i.e., −11.7 ± 3.4 nA for PC) and at the mesoscopic level of mixed neuronal populations receiving extended synaptic inputs within either a cortical column (−0.44 ± 0.20 μA) or a 2.5-m 3 -voxel volume (−3.32 ± 1.20 μA). To evaluate the relationship between the macroscopically defined EEG equivalent dipole and the mesoscopic intracortical multipolar moments, we performed concurrent recordings of high-resolution skull EEG and laminar local field potentials. From this second experiment, we estimated the time-varying EEG equivalent dipole for the entire barrel field using either a multiple dipole fitting or a distributed type of EEG inverse solution. We demonstrated that mesoscopic multipolar components are altogether absorbed by any equivalent dipole in both types of inverse solutions. We conclude that the primary current sources of the EEG in the neocortex of rodents are not precisely represented by a single equivalent dipole and that the existence of monopolar components must be also considered at the mesoscopic level.
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For far-field measurements like EEG/MEG, a pair of current monopoles can be represented as a current dipole.
“For far-field measurements like EEG/MEG, such a pair of current monopoles can be represented as a current dipole.”
From Electrophysiological source imaging: A noninvasive window to brain dynamics (2018) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Riera, J. J., Ogawa, T., Goto, T., Sumiyoshi, A., Nonaka, H., Evans, A., Miyakawa, H., & Kawashima, R.
- Affiliations
- Tohoku University (JP)
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Riera, Jorge J.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2012-08-15
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 956-975
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W1982544002
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Keywords
- barrel cortex, pyramidal neurons, spiny stellate cells, backpropagating action potentials, extracellular potentials, local field potentials, whisker deflection, cortical columns
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Electroencephalography, Male, Microelectrodes, Models, Neurological, Vibrissae, Rats, Wistar, Neocortex, Rats
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