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Posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey: command functions for operations within extrapersonal space
Abstract
Experiments were made on the posterior parietal association cortical areas 5 and in 17 hemispheres of 11 monkeys, 6 M. mulatta and 5 M. arctoides. The electrical signs of the activity of single cortical cells were recorded with microelectrodes in waking animals as they carried out certain behavioral acts in response to a series of sensory cues. The behavioral paradigms were one for detection alone, and a second for detection plus projection of the arm to contact a stationary or moving target placed at arm's length. Of the 125 microelectrode penetrations made, 1,451 neurons were identified in terms of the correlation of their activity with the behavioral acts and their sensitivity or lack of it to sensory stimuli delivered passively; 180 were studied quantitatively. The locations of cortical neurons were identified in serial sections; 94 penetrations and 1,058 neurons were located with certainty. About two-thirds of the neurons of area 5 were activated by passive rotation of the limbs at their joints; of these, 82% were related to single, contralateral joints, 10% to two or more contralateral joints, 6% to ipsilateral, and 2% to joints on both sides of the body. A few of the latter were active during complex bodily postures. A large proportion of area 5 neurons were relatively insensitive to passive joint rotations, as compared with similar neurons of the postcentral gyrus, but were driven to high rates of discharge when the same joint was rotated during an active movement of the animal...
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“More specifically, the dorsal component of the SLF (SLF I) connects the dorsal and medial part of the frontal lobe (i.e., right middle frontal gyrus in Table 2) with the cingulate (Table 3) and cingulum (Table 5) of the superior and medial parietal cortex [56, 57].”
From The brain anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults—a magnetic resonance imaging study (2017) · cites this paper as [57]
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“Whether and how this region communicates with the parietal command apparatus for sensorimotor integration and control (76, 77) await further studies.”
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“The spatial functions of posterior parietal neurons in monkeys have often been investigated by recording neural activity while monkeys viewed, attended to or moved toward peripheral visual stimuli (Mountcastle et al., 1975; Robinson et al., 1978; Hyvarinen, 1981).”
BackgroundSelf-citationParietal Representation of Hand Velocity in a Copy Task
Averbeck, B. B., Chafee, M. V., Crowe, D. A., & Georgopoulos, A. P. (2004) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00357.2004 · Cited by 50
“Later experiments explored its relation to movements (Kalaska et al. 1983; Mountcastle et al. 1975), and arm position (Georgopoulos and Massey 1985; Georgopoulos et al. 1984) using more rigorously controlled paradigms.”
MethodSelf-citationBaldwin, M. K. L., Cooke, D. F., Goldring, A. B., & Krubitzer, L. A. (2017) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx279 · Cited by 53
“There is a plethora of electrophysiological data in macaque monkeys, beginning with the seminal work of Vernon Mountcastle (Mountcastle et al. 1975), implicating multiple cortical fields, located in Brodmann’s area 5, in coding reach intention (Snyder et al. 1997; Debowy et al. 2001; Calton et al. 2002), reach and gra…”
BackgroundMixed Spatial and Movement Representations in the Primate Posterior Parietal Cortex
Hadjidimitrakis, K., Bakola, S., Wong, Y. T., & Hagan, M. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2019.00015 · Cited by 49
Reaching errors in optic ataxia are linked to eye position rather than head or body position
Dijkerman, H. C., McIntosh, R. D., Anema, H. A., de Haan, E. H. F., Kappelle, L. J., & Milner, A. D. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.10.018 · Cited by 50
Disconnection of parietal and occipital access to the saccadic oculomotor system
Keating, E. G., & Gooley, S. G. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00248363 · Cited by 51
Liu, X., & Scheidt, R. A. (2008) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01044.2007 · Cited by 49
“It has long been recognized that parietal association cortex plays a critical role in sensorimotor integration (Lynch et al. 1977; Mountcastle et al. 1975), combining information from multiple senses for use in formulating motor behaviors (Andersen 1989).”
Clock Drawing in Developmental Dyslexia
Eden, G. F., Wood, F., & Stein, J. F. (2003) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/002221940303600302 · Cited by 54
Vargas, T., Conley, R. E., & Mittal, V. A. (2019) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2019.11.004 · Cited by 56
Chapter 19 From attentional gating in macaque primary visual cortex to dyslexia in humans
Vidyasagar, T. R. (2001) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(01)34020-7 · Cited by 48
Tomberg, C., & Desmedt, J. E. (1998) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00740-x · Cited by 49
Parietal and frontal eye field neglect in the rat
Crowne, D. P., Richardson, C. M., & Dawson, K. A. (1986) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(86)90067-7 · Cited by 49
D, V. G. M., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Luppino, G., & Murata, A. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60661-8_15 · Cited by 49
Temporal expectation in focal hand dystonia
Avanzino, L., Martino, D., Martino, I., Pelosin, E., Vicario, C. M., Bove, M., Defazio, G., & Abbruzzese, G. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws328 · Cited by 48
“In visuospatial perception, a dominant role of a parietal-premotor network has consistently been described in both human and monkey brain studies (Mountcastle et al., 1975; Grafton et al., 1996; de Jong et al., 2001; Beudel et al., 2009).”
BackgroundMEG imaging of sensorimotor areas using inter-trial coherence in vibrotactile steady-state responses
Bardouille, T., & Ross, B. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.176 · Cited by 48
“, 2004), and MI and PPC have tactile receptive fields (Gentilucci et al., 1988; Geyer et al., 1996; Hyvarinen, 1982; Leinonen et al., 1979; Mountcastle et al., 1975; Sakata et al., 1973; Strick and Preston, 1982; Tanji andWise, 1981).”
Mixed Body/Hand Reference Frame for Reaching in 3D Space in Macaque Parietal Area PEc
Piserchia, V., Breveglieri, R., Hadjidimitrakis, K., Bertozzi, F., Galletti, C., & Fattori, P. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw039 · Cited by 52
“Area PE (Pandya and Seltzer 1982), located further anteriorly, is poor in visual responses but rich in somatosensory ones (Sakata et al. 1973; Mountcastle et al. 1975) and receives strong somatosensory and sparse visual input (Bakola et al. 2013).”
BackgroundBattaglia‐Mayer, A., Mascaro, M., Brunamonti, E., & Caminiti, R. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh151 · Cited by 48
Metadata
- Authors
- Mountcastle, V. B., Lynch, J. C., Georgopoulos, A., Sakata, H., & Acuna, C.
- ORCID
- Lynch, J. C.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1975-07-01
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 871-908
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W2177960617
- Cited by
- 2,061
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 23.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Keywords
- area 5, extrapersonal space, single-unit recording, joint rotation, passive limb movement, arm reaching, target detection, postcentral gyrus, macaque, marmoset
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Haplorhini, Brain Mapping, Exploratory Behavior, Eye Movements, Joints, Macaca, Mechanoreceptors, Models, Neurological, Motor Skills, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Orientation, Parietal Lobe, Posture, Proprioception, Skin, Space Perception, Time Factors, Visual Perception
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