Cited by 2,061Motor Control and AdaptationVisual perception and processing mechanismsMultisensory perception and integration

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Posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey: command functions for operations within extrapersonal space

Mountcastle, V. B., Lynch, J. C., Georgopoulos, A., Sakata, H., Acuna, C.·1975·Journal of Neurophysiology

DOI 10.1152/jn.1975.38.4.871

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Abstract

Experiments were made on the posterior parietal association cortical areas 5 and in 17 hemispheres of 11 monkeys, 6 M. mulatta and 5 M. arctoides. The electrical signs of the activity of single cortical cells were recorded with microelectrodes in waking animals as they carried out certain behavioral acts in response to a series of sensory cues. The behavioral paradigms were one for detection alone, and a second for detection plus projection of the arm to contact a stationary or moving target placed at arm's length. Of the 125 microelectrode penetrations made, 1,451 neurons were identified in terms of the correlation of their activity with the behavioral acts and their sensitivity or lack of it to sensory stimuli delivered passively; 180 were studied quantitatively. The locations of cortical neurons were identified in serial sections; 94 penetrations and 1,058 neurons were located with certainty. About two-thirds of the neurons of area 5 were activated by passive rotation of the limbs at their joints; of these, 82% were related to single, contralateral joints, 10% to two or more contralateral joints, 6% to ipsilateral, and 2% to joints on both sides of the body. A few of the latter were active during complex bodily postures. A large proportion of area 5 neurons were relatively insensitive to passive joint rotations, as compared with similar neurons of the postcentral gyrus, but were driven to high rates of discharge when the same joint was rotated during an active movement of the animal...

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BackgroundSelf-citation
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Self-citation
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Background
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Method
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Self-citation
Disintegration of Multisensory Signals from the Real Hand Reduces Default Limb Self-Attribution: An fMRI Study
Gentile, G., Guterstam, A., Brozzoli, C., & Ehrsson, H. H. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1363-13.2013 · Cited by 221
“In nonhuman primates, dense anatomical connections have been described between anterior and medial portions of the intraparietal cortex (Grefkes and Fink, 2005) and posterior superior parietal (Mountcastle et al., 1975; Iriki et al., 1996; Graziano et al., 2000), inferior parietal (Hyvärinen and Poranen, 1974; Luppino…”
Background
Efferent association pathways originating in the caudal prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey
Petrides, M., & Pandya, D. Ν. (2006) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21048 · Cited by 225
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Background
The Dynamics of Sensorimotor Cortical Oscillations during the Observation of Hand Movements: An EEG Study
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Electrical Microstimulation Distinguishes Distinct Saccade-Related Areas in the Posterior Parietal Cortex
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Background
Forward estimation of movement state in posterior parietal cortex
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“Eye behavior-related signals have also been described in PPC (40).”
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Neural Basis of Touch and Proprioception in Primate Cortex
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A solution to the tag-assignment problem for neural networks
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Common and distinct brain regions processing multisensory bodily signals for peripersonal space and body ownership
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Changes in P3 waves with event repetition: Long-term effects on scalp distribution and amplitude
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Central Nervous Mechanisms in Mechanoreceptive Sensibility
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Self-citation
Tracking Route Progression in the Posterior Parietal Cortex
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“…of motion information is likely an important function of the parietal cortex, given the density of anatomical projections from thalamic nuclei that receive vestibular information (Fukushima, 1997) and the responsiveness of parietal neurons to passive limb movements (Mountcastle et al., 1975).”
Background
LOCALIZATION OF FUNCTION IN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Phillips, C. G., Zeki, S., & Barlow, H. B. (1984) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/107.1.328 · Cited by 209
Defects in accuracy of reaching after removal of posterior parietal cortex in monkeys
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Generality of the functional structure of the neocortex
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A quantitative study of the distribution of neurons projecting to the precentral motor cortex in the monkey (M. fascicularis)
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The role of fixation and visual attention in the occurrence of express saccades in man
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Multisensory contributions to the 3-D representation of visuotactile peripersonal space in humans: Evidence from the crossmodal congruency task
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“For example, researchers have demonstrated the existence of multisensory neurons in several areas of the cat and monkey brain, including the putamen, superior colliculus, ventral premotor cortex, and parietal area 7b, that represent visual and tactile stimuli in approximate spatial register [35,36,41,42,94,114,140].”
Background
Differential Involvement of Parietal and Precentral Regions in Movement Preparation and Motor Intention
Thoenissen, D., Zilles, K., & Toni, I. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-20-09024.2002 · Cited by 209
“An alternative view, gathered mainly from electrophysiological surveys on the dorsal and posterior aspects of the parietal lobe, has suggested for this region a “command function” (Mountcastle et al., 1975; Lynch, 1980), implying that motor plans rather than sensory stimuli are the crucial elements handled by the pari…”
Background
Striatal connections of the parietal association cortices in rhesus monkeys
Yeterian, E. H., & Pandya, D. Ν. (1993) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903320204 · Cited by 202

Authors: Mountcastle, V. B., Lynch, J. C., Georgopoulos, A., Sakata, H., & Acuna, C.
ORCID: Lynch, J. C.
Venue: Journal of Neurophysiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 1975-07-01
Volume: 38
Issue: 4
Pages: 871-908
ISSN: 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
1522-1598
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1975.38.4.871
OpenAlex: W2177960617
Cited by: 2,061
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 23.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
Keywords: area 5, extrapersonal space, single-unit recording, joint rotation, passive limb movement, arm reaching, target detection, postcentral gyrus, macaque, marmoset
MeSH terms: Animals, Haplorhini, Brain Mapping, Exploratory Behavior, Eye Movements, Joints, Macaca, Mechanoreceptors, Models, Neurological, Motor Skills, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Orientation, Parietal Lobe, Posture, Proprioception, Skin, Space Perception, Time Factors, Visual Perception

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Posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey: command functions for operations within extrapersonal space

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