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Posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey: command functions for operations within extrapersonal space
Abstract
Experiments were made on the posterior parietal association cortical areas 5 and in 17 hemispheres of 11 monkeys, 6 M. mulatta and 5 M. arctoides. The electrical signs of the activity of single cortical cells were recorded with microelectrodes in waking animals as they carried out certain behavioral acts in response to a series of sensory cues. The behavioral paradigms were one for detection alone, and a second for detection plus projection of the arm to contact a stationary or moving target placed at arm's length. Of the 125 microelectrode penetrations made, 1,451 neurons were identified in terms of the correlation of their activity with the behavioral acts and their sensitivity or lack of it to sensory stimuli delivered passively; 180 were studied quantitatively. The locations of cortical neurons were identified in serial sections; 94 penetrations and 1,058 neurons were located with certainty. About two-thirds of the neurons of area 5 were activated by passive rotation of the limbs at their joints; of these, 82% were related to single, contralateral joints, 10% to two or more contralateral joints, 6% to ipsilateral, and 2% to joints on both sides of the body. A few of the latter were active during complex bodily postures. A large proportion of area 5 neurons were relatively insensitive to passive joint rotations, as compared with similar neurons of the postcentral gyrus, but were driven to high rates of discharge when the same joint was rotated during an active movement of the animal...
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“More specifically, the dorsal component of the SLF (SLF I) connects the dorsal and medial part of the frontal lobe (i.e., right middle frontal gyrus in Table 2) with the cingulate (Table 3) and cingulum (Table 5) of the superior and medial parietal cortex [56, 57].”
From The brain anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults—a magnetic resonance imaging study (2017) · cites this paper as [57]
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“In contrast, behaving-animal studies have reported that many area 5 cells discharge before the onset of movement and even before the beginning of muscle contractile activity (Mountcastle et al. 1975; Bioulac and Lamarre 1979; Seal etal . 1982; Kalaska etal . 1983; Chapman etal. 1984; Burbaud et al. 1985).”
BackgroundRougeul, A., Bouyer, J. J., Dedet, L., & Debray, O. (1979) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(79)90205-0 · Cited by 149
Paillard, J. (1996) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y96-033 · Cited by 151
Beyond reward prediction errors: the role of dopamine in movement kinematics
Barter, J. W., Li, S., Lu, D., Bartholomew, R. A., Rossi, M. A., Shoemaker, C. T., Salas-Meza, D., Gaidis, E., & Yin, H. H. (2015) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2015.00039 · Cited by 146
Binkofski, F., Kunesch, E., Claßen, J., Seitz, R. J., & Freund, H. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.1.132 · Cited by 144
“…tissuehere show their differential impairment so that type-II movements are more severely affected by motor and premotor pressure, as well as during active arm movements (Sakata et al., 1973; Mountcastle et al., 1975; Kalaska et al.,damage, whereas parietal lesions interfered with type-I movements.”
BackgroundInfluentialFreedman, D. J., & Ibos, G. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.044 · Cited by 157
“In two seminal studies (Lynch et al., 1977; Mountcastle et al., 1975), Mountcastle and colleagues showed that area 5 and area 7 neurons responded strongly to hand and eye movements, respectively.”
Parietal cortex area 5 and visuomotor behavior
Kalaska, J. F. (1996) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y96-040 · Cited by 146
The attentive homunculus: Now you see it, now you don't
Nobre, A. C. (2001) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(01)00028-8 · Cited by 147
Gail, A., & Andersen, R. A. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1570-06.2006 · Cited by 151
“The parietal reach region (PRR) in the medial intraparietal sulcus of the PPC is especially involved in the planning of reach movements (Mountcastle et al., 1975; Johnson et al., 1996; Snyder et al., 1997; Marconi et al., 2001; Battaglia-Mayer et al., 2003) with spatial reach goals being mainly represented in visual c…”
BackgroundConstantinidis, C., & Steinmetz, M. A. (2001) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/11.7.581 · Cited by 141
“Color Preference and Saliency Early studies of the PPC showed that posterior parietal neurons are fairly insensitive to stimulus attributes such as form, luminance and size (Mountcastle et al., 1975; Robinson et al., 1978).”
BackgroundOn the Relationship Between Joint Angular Velocity and Motor Cortical Discharge During Reaching
Reina, G. A., Moran, D. W., & Schwartz, A. B. (2001) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2576 · Cited by 145
Metadata
- Authors
- Mountcastle, V. B., Lynch, J. C., Georgopoulos, A., Sakata, H., & Acuna, C.
- ORCID
- Lynch, J. C.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1975-07-01
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 871-908
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W2177960617
- Cited by
- 2,061
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 23.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Keywords
- area 5, extrapersonal space, single-unit recording, joint rotation, passive limb movement, arm reaching, target detection, postcentral gyrus, macaque, marmoset
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Haplorhini, Brain Mapping, Exploratory Behavior, Eye Movements, Joints, Macaca, Mechanoreceptors, Models, Neurological, Motor Skills, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Orientation, Parietal Lobe, Posture, Proprioception, Skin, Space Perception, Time Factors, Visual Perception
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