Cited by 2,061Motor Control and AdaptationVisual perception and processing mechanismsMultisensory perception and integration

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Posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey: command functions for operations within extrapersonal space

Mountcastle, V. B., Lynch, J. C., Georgopoulos, A., Sakata, H., Acuna, C.·1975·Journal of Neurophysiology

DOI 10.1152/jn.1975.38.4.871

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Abstract

Experiments were made on the posterior parietal association cortical areas 5 and in 17 hemispheres of 11 monkeys, 6 M. mulatta and 5 M. arctoides. The electrical signs of the activity of single cortical cells were recorded with microelectrodes in waking animals as they carried out certain behavioral acts in response to a series of sensory cues. The behavioral paradigms were one for detection alone, and a second for detection plus projection of the arm to contact a stationary or moving target placed at arm's length. Of the 125 microelectrode penetrations made, 1,451 neurons were identified in terms of the correlation of their activity with the behavioral acts and their sensitivity or lack of it to sensory stimuli delivered passively; 180 were studied quantitatively. The locations of cortical neurons were identified in serial sections; 94 penetrations and 1,058 neurons were located with certainty. About two-thirds of the neurons of area 5 were activated by passive rotation of the limbs at their joints; of these, 82% were related to single, contralateral joints, 10% to two or more contralateral joints, 6% to ipsilateral, and 2% to joints on both sides of the body. A few of the latter were active during complex bodily postures. A large proportion of area 5 neurons were relatively insensitive to passive joint rotations, as compared with similar neurons of the postcentral gyrus, but were driven to high rates of discharge when the same joint was rotated during an active movement of the animal...

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Background
Activity in Posterior Parietal Cortex Following Somatosensory Stimulation in Man: Magnetoencephalographic Study Using Spatio-Temporal Source Analysis
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“hand (Sakata et al. 1973; Mountcastle et al. 1975; MacKay et al. 1978).”
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“These rodent studies build on a long history of recordings in parietal cortex of non-human primates showing responses of neurons to the egocentric position of a visual cue or the target of a future movement (Georgopoulos, 1987; Kalaska et al., 1983; Mountcastle et al., 1975).”
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BackgroundResultInfluential
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“These areas could themselves send motor command signals (Mountcastle et al., 1975) or represent motor intention (Gnadt and Andersen, 1988), engage in monitoring feedback motor signals (corollary discharge) from motor areas, e.g. the frontal eye fields (Andersen et al., 1987; Duhamel et al., 1992a,…”
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Self-citation
Somatosensory cells in the parieto-occipital area V6A of the macaque
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Pulvinar-latero posterior afferents to cortical area 7 in monkeys demonstrated by horseradish peroxidase tracing technique
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A Contribution of Area 5 of the Posterior Parietal Cortex to the Planning of Visually Guided Locomotion: Limb-Specific and Limb-Independent Effects
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The Evolution of Sex Differences in Language, Sexuality, and Visual–Spatial Skills
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Proprioceptive sensory codes mediating movement trajectory perception: human hand vibration-induced drawing illusions
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The Mozart Effect
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Interlaminar differences in the pyramidal cell phenotype in cortical areas 7m and STP (the superior temporal polysensory area) of the macaque monkey
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“Cells in many cortical areas of the parietal lobe are involved in coordinating hand-eye movements (Lynch et al. 1977; Mountcastle et al. 1975; Yin and Mountcastle 1975; see Sakata et al. 1997 for a review), whereas cells in temporal lobe areas are involved in object recognition (Gross et al. 1972;…”
Background
The ipsilateral cortico-cortical connexions between the cytoarchitectonic subdivisions of the primary somatic sensory cortex in the monkey
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Stimulus versus eye movements: Comparison of neural activity in the striate and prelunate visual cortex (A17 and A19) of trained rhesus monkey
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“Zeki (1973, 1977) has reported a preponderance of colour-selective cells in the V4-complex and in the lateral part of the posterior bank of STS and has found many directionally selective cells deep in its posterior bank (Zeki 1974). A basic problem in visual neurophysiology is the question as to how the visual system…”
BackgroundInfluential
Facilitation of neuronal activity in somatosensory and posterior parietal cortex during prehension
Gardner, E. P., Ro, J. Y., Debowy, D., & Ghosh, S. (1999) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s002210050803 · Cited by 62
Early motor influences on visuomotor transformations for reaching: a positive image of optic ataxia
Battaglia‐Mayer, A., Ferraina, S., Marconi, B., Bullis, J. B., Lacquaniti, F., Burnod, Y., Baraduc, P., & Caminiti, R. (1998) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s002210050559 · Cited by 62
“A large population of neurons has been described as being related to arm reaching toward targets of interest in the extrapersonal space (Hyvarinen and Poranen 1974; Mountcastle et al. 1975; MacKay 1992; Sakata et al. 1995; Snyder et al. 1997).”
BackgroundResultInfluential

Authors: Mountcastle, V. B., Lynch, J. C., Georgopoulos, A., Sakata, H., & Acuna, C.
ORCID: Lynch, J. C.
Venue: Journal of Neurophysiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 1975-07-01
Volume: 38
Issue: 4
Pages: 871-908
ISSN: 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
1522-1598
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1975.38.4.871
OpenAlex: W2177960617
Cited by: 2,061
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 23.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
Keywords: area 5, extrapersonal space, single-unit recording, joint rotation, passive limb movement, arm reaching, target detection, postcentral gyrus, macaque, marmoset
MeSH terms: Animals, Haplorhini, Brain Mapping, Exploratory Behavior, Eye Movements, Joints, Macaca, Mechanoreceptors, Models, Neurological, Motor Skills, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Orientation, Parietal Lobe, Posture, Proprioception, Skin, Space Perception, Time Factors, Visual Perception

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Posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey: command functions for operations within extrapersonal space

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