The DOI matches its Crossref record; 297 of the 297 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Getting to the Outer Leaflet: Physiology of Phosphatidylserine Exposure at the Plasma Membrane
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a major component of membrane bilayers whose change in distribution between inner and outer leaflets is an important physiological signal. Normally, members of the type IV P-type ATPases spend metabolic energy to create an asymmetric distribution of phospholipids between the two leaflets, with PS confined to the cytoplasmic membrane leaflet. On occasion, membrane enzymes, known as scramblases, are activated to facilitate transbilayer migration of lipids, including PS. Recently, two proteins required for such randomization have been identified: TMEM16F, a scramblase regulated by elevated intracellular Ca 2+, and XKR8, a caspase-sensitive protein required for PS exposure in apoptotic cells. Once exposed at the cell surface, PS regulates biochemical reactions involved in blood coagulation, and bone mineralization, and also regulates a variety of cell-cell interactions. Exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells, PS controls their recognition and engulfment by other cells. This process is exploited by parasites to invade their host, and in specialized form is used to maintain photoreceptors in the eye and modify synaptic connections in the brain. This review discusses what is known about the mechanism of PS exposure at the surface of the plasma membrane of cells, how actors in the extracellular milieu sense surface exposed PS, and how this recognition is translated to downstream consequences of PS exposure.
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1 retracted
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Cited by
Muller, M. P., Jiang, T., Sun, C., Lihan, M., Pant, S., Mahinthichaichan, P., Trifan, A., & Tajkhorshid, E. (2019) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00608 · Cited by 282
Transverse distribution of plasma membrane bilayer cholesterol: Picking sides
Steck, T. L., & Lange, Y. (2018) · Traffic · doi:10.1111/tra.12586 · Cited by 141
Long, T., Li, D., Vale, G., Jiang, Y., Schmiege, P., Yang, Z. J., McDonald, J. G., & Li, X. (2024) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.004 · Cited by 31
Takar, M., Huang, Y., & Graham, T. R. (2019) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m093526 · Cited by 12
Structure and function of the human apoptotic scramblase Xkr4
Chakraborty, S., Feng, Z., Lee, S., Alvarenga, O. E., Panda, A., Zhang, S., Bruni, R., Khelashvili, G., Gupta, K., & Accardi, A. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-62739-1 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Bevers, E. M., & Williamson, P. L.
- Venue
- Physiological Reviews
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 605-645
- ISSN
- 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1210
- OpenAlex
- W2291071386
- Cited by
- 447
- References
- 297
- FWCI
- 2.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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