Annexins: From Structure to Function
Abstract
Annexins are Ca 2+ and phospholipid binding proteins forming an evolutionary conserved multigene family with members of the family being expressed throughout animal and plant kingdoms. Structurally, annexins are characterized by a highly α-helical and tightly packed protein core domain considered to represent a Ca 2+ -regulated membrane binding module. Many of the annexin cores have been crystallized, and their molecular structures reveal interesting features that include the architecture of the annexin-type Ca 2+ binding sites and a central hydrophilic pore proposed to function as a Ca 2+ channel. In addition to the conserved core, all annexins contain a second principal domain. This domain, which NH 2 -terminally precedes the core, is unique for a given member of the family and most likely specifies individual annexin properties in vivo. Cellular and animal knock-out models as well as dominant-negative mutants have recently been established for a number of annexins, and the effects of such manipulations are strikingly different for different members of the family. At least for some annexins, it appears that they participate in the regulation of membrane organization and membrane traffic and the regulation of ion (Ca 2+ ) currents across membranes or Ca 2+ concentrations within cells. Although annexins lack signal sequences for secretion, some members of the family have also been identified extracellularly where they can act as receptors for serum proteases on the endothelium as well as inhibitors of neutrophil migration and blood coagulation. Finally, deregulations in annexin expression and activity have been correlated with human diseases, e.g., in acute promyelocytic leukemia and the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and the term annexinopathies has been coined.
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Annexins are soluble proteins with a distinctive annexin fold that bind phospholipids.
“The annexins are soluble proteins with a distinctive fold, the annexin fold, that bind phospholipids (1).”
From Comparative Cell Biology and Evolution of Annexins in Diplomonads (2016) · cites this paper as [1]
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Comparative Cell Biology and Evolution of Annexins in Diplomonads
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- Authors
- Gerke, V., & Moss, S. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Münster (DE)
- Venue
- Physiological Reviews
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2002-04-01
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 331-371
- ISSN
- 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1210
- OpenAlex
- W1932669647
- Cited by
- 2,029
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 102 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 91 · 2013: 109 · 2012: 109
- FWCI
- 6.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › S100 Proteins and Annexins
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis
- Keywords
- annexins, calcium-binding proteins, phospholipid binding, protein structure, membrane binding, membrane organization, membrane traffic, calcium current, neutrophil migration, coagulation, acute promyelocytic leukemia, antiphospholipid syndrome, knockout models, dominant-negative mutant
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Calcium, Humans, Structure-Activity Relationship, Annexins
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