Cited by 936Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyCardiac Imaging and DiagnosticsNitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects

Regulation of coronary blood flow during exercise

Duncker, Dirk J., Bache, Robert J.·2008·Physiological Reviews

Abstract

Exercise is the most important physiological stimulus for increased myocardial oxygen demand. The requirement of exercising muscle for increased blood flow necessitates an increase in cardiac output that results in increases in the three main determinants of myocardial oxygen demand: heart rate, myocardial contractility, and ventricular work. The approximately sixfold increase in oxygen demands of the left ventricle during heavy exercise is met principally by augmenting coronary blood flow (~5-fold), as hemoglobin concentration and oxygen extraction (which is already 70-80% at rest) increase only modestly in most species. In contrast, in the right ventricle, oxygen extraction is lower at rest and increases substantially during exercise, similar to skeletal muscle, suggesting fundamental differences in blood flow regulation between these two cardiac chambers. The increase in heart rate also increases the relative time spent in systole, thereby increasing the net extravascular compressive forces acting on the microvasculature within the wall of the left ventricle, in particular in its subendocardial layers. Hence, appropriate adjustment of coronary vascular resistance is critical for the cardiac response to exercise. Coronary resistance vessel tone results from the culmination of myriad vasodilator and vasoconstrictors influences, including neurohormones and endothelial and myocardial factors. Unraveling of the integrative mechanisms controlling coronary vasodilation in respons…

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Crossref · 10.1152/physrev.00045.2006

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Authors
Duncker, D. J., & Bache, R. J.
Affiliations
Erasmus MC (NL)
Venue
Physiological Reviews
Published
2008-07
Volume
88
Issue
3
Pages
1009-1086
ISSN
  • 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1210
OpenAlex
W2134256354
Cited by
936
References
646
Citations by year
2026: 44 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 60
FWCI
8.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Physiological Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Keywords
coronary blood flow, physical activity, myocardial oxygen demand, coronary vasodilation, coronary microcirculation, exercise training, capillary density, adrenergic tone, nitric oxide synthase, endothelium-dependent vasodilation, myogenic tone, protein kinase C, nitric oxide, cardiac output, coronary vascular resistance
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Collateral Circulation, Coronary Circulation, Hemodynamics, Humans, Models, Cardiovascular, Oxygen Consumption, Exercise, Ventricular Function, Coronary Stenosis

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