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Cited by 115Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiac Imaging and DiagnosticsNitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects

Inflammation in Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

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Sagris, Marios, Theofilis, Panagiotis, Antonopoulos, Alexios S., Oikonomou, Evangelos, Paschaliori, Christina, Galiatsatos, Nikolaos, Tsioufis, Kostas, Tousoulis, Dimitris·2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms222413471PMC PMC8703507
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Abstract

Chronic low-grade inflammation is involved in coronary atherosclerosis, presenting multiple clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to stable angina, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Coronary microvasculature consists of vessels with a diameter less than 500 μm, whose potential structural and functional abnormalities can lead to inappropriate dilatation and an inability to meet the required myocardium oxygen demands. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of coronary microvascular dysfunction and the capability of non-invasive screening methods to detect the phenomenon. Anti-inflammatory agents, such as statins and immunomodulators, including anakinra, tocilizumab, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, have been assessed recently and may constitute additional or alternative treatment approaches to reduce cardiovascular events in atherosclerotic heart disease characterized by coronary microvascular dysfunction.

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  • Excessive or dysregulated inflammation is a major driver of tissue damage and the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including stroke, Parkinson's disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer.

    “Excessive or dysregulated inflammation is a major driver of tissue damage and the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including stroke, Parkinson’s disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer [9,30,31,32,33].”

    From Picroside II as a Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agent (2026) · cites this paper as [31]

    The Introduction and section 3.1 link inflammation to coronary atherosclerosis and coronary microvascular dysfunction. The copy does not establish the broader claim about tissue damage or the pathogenesis of stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and cancer; searches for those diseases found no supporting passage. No page numbers were available in the copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Sagris, M., Theofilis, P., Antonopoulos, A. S., Oikonomou, E., Paschaliori, C., Galiatsatos, N., Tsioufis, K., & Tousoulis, D.
Affiliations
  • Cardiology Clinic, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
  • National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-12-15
Volume
22
Issue
24
Pages
13471
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijms222413471
PMC
PMC8703507
OpenAlex
W4200256560
Cited by
115
References
12
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 23
FWCI
1.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Keywords
coronary microvascular dysfunction, low-grade inflammation, coronary artery disease, coronary microcirculation, myocardial ischemia, non-invasive screening, anti-inflammatory therapy, statins, anakinra, tocilizumab, TNF-alpha inhibitors, atherosclerotic heart disease
MeSH terms
Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Vessels, Heart Failure, Humans, Inflammation, Microcirculation, Myocardial Infarction, Risk Factors, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Myocardial Ischemia, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Microvessels

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