Physiology of the choroid plexus.
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Diffusion alone is inefficient at distances larger than a few millimeters in the human brain.
“Diffusion alone has also been proven inefficient at distances larger than a few millimeters, as in the human brain (43).”
From Brain-wide glymphatic enhancement and clearance in humans assessed with MRI. (2018) · cites this paper as [43]
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Iliff, J. J., Wang, M., Liao, Y., Plogg, B. A., Peng, W., Gundersen, G. A., Benveniste, H., Vates, G. E., Deane, R., Goldman, S. A., et al. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003748 · Cited by 5,824 · see citing works
Clearance systems in the brain—implications for Alzheimer disease
Tarasoff-Conway, J. M., Carare, R. O., Osorio, R. S., Glodzik, L., Butler, T., Fieremans, E., Axel, L., Rusinek, H., Nicholson, C., Zlokovic, B. V., et al. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2015.119 · Cited by 1,678 · see citing works
Impairment of paravascular clearance pathways in the aging brain
Kress, B. T., Iliff, J. J., Xia, M., Wang, M., Wei, H. S., Zeppenfeld, D., Xie, L., Kang, H., Xu, Q., Liew, J. A., et al. (2014) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24271 · Cited by 1,521 · see citing works
“However, over greater distances, such as the millimeter–centimeter scales that separate areas of the brain interstitium from distant CSF compartments, bulk flow must facilitate the clearance particularly of peptide- and protein-sized interstitial solutes.(39,40) One possibility is that a substantial proportion of inte…”
BackgroundImpairment of Glymphatic Pathway Function Promotes Tau Pathology after Traumatic Brain Injury
Iliff, J. J., Chen, M. J., Plog, B. A., Zeppenfeld, D. M., Soltero, M., Yang, L., Singh, I., Deane, R., & Nedergaard, M. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3020-14.2014 · Cited by 1,159 · see citing works
A new look at cerebrospinal fluid circulation
Brinker, T., Stopa, E., Morrison, J., & Klinge, P. (2014) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/2045-8118-11-10 · Cited by 819 · see citing works
Evidence for bulk flow of brain interstitial fluid: significance for physiology and pathology
Abbott, N. J. (2004) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2003.11.006 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Mechanisms of fluid movement into, through and out of the brain: evaluation of the evidence
Hladky, S. B., & Barrand, M. A. (2014) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/2045-8118-11-26 · Cited by 633 · see citing works
Cerebrospinal fluid secretion by the choroid plexus
Damkier, H. H., Brown, P. D., & Praetorius, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00004.2013 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Brain-wide glymphatic enhancement and clearance in humans assessed with MRI.
Ringstad, G., Valnes, L. M., Dale, A. M., Pripp, A. H., Vatnehol, S.-A. S., Emblem, K. E., Mardal, K.-A., & Eide, P. K. (2018) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.121537 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
“Diffusion alone has also been proven inefficient at distances larger than a few millimeters, as in the human brain (43).”
Yang, L., Kress, B. T., Weber, H. J., Thiyagarajan, M., Wang, B., Deane, R., Benveniste, H., Iliff, J. J., & Nedergaard, M. (2013) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/1479-5876-11-107 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Sympathetic nervous control of cerebrospinal fluid production from the choroid plexus
Lindvall, M., Edvinsson, L., & Owman, C. (1978) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.663649 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
The Choroid Plexus in Healthy and Diseased Brain
Kaur, C., Rathnasamy, G., & Ling, E.-A. (2016) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlv030 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
The Extracellular and Perivascular Spaces of the Brain
Pizzo, M. E., & Thorne, R. G. (2017) · Brain Edema · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803196-4.00006-0 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cserr, H. F.
- Corresponding author
- Cserr, H F
- Venue
- Physiological Reviews
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1971-04
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 273-311
- ISSN
- 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1210
- OpenAlex
- W1898796296
- Cited by
- 514
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 6.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- choroid plexus, cerebrospinal fluid, blood-CSF barrier, cerebrospinal fluid production, cerebrospinal fluid flow
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Animals, Biological Transport, Active, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood-Brain Barrier, Cell Membrane Permeability, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Choroid Plexus, Diffusion, Ependyma, Extracellular Space, Iodides, Methods, Osmosis, Perfusion, Pia Mater, Pressure, Regional Blood Flow, Subarachnoid Space
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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