The Choroid Plexus in Healthy and Diseased Brain
Abstract
The choroid plexus is composed of epithelial cells resting on a basal lamina. These cells produce the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which has many functions including rendering mechanical support, providing a route for some nutrients, removing by-products of metabolism and synaptic activity, and playing a role in hormonal signaling. The choroid plexus synthesizes many growth factors, including insulin-like, fibroblast, and platelet-derived growth factors. The tight junctions located between the apical parts of the choroid plexus epithelial cells form the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB), which is crucial for the homeostatic regulation of the brain microenvironment along with the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Morphological changes such as atrophy of the epithelial cells and thickening of the basement membrane suggest altered CSF production occurs in aging and in Alzheimer disease. In brain injuries and infections, leukocytes accumulate in the CSF by passing through the choroid plexus. In inflammatory CNS diseases (eg, multiple sclerosis), pathogenic autoreactive T lymphocytes may migrate through the BBB and BCSFB into the CNS. The development of therapeutic strategies to mitigate disruption of the BCSFB may be helpful to curtail the entry of inflammatory cells into the CSF and hence reduce inflammation, thereby overcoming choroid plexus dysfunction in senescence and in various diseases of the CNS.
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This molecularly driven invasion allows GBS to cross the BBB directly, preceding the development of a massive inflammatory infiltrate that would be reflected as pleocytosis in the CSF.
“This molecularly driven invasion allows GBS to cross the BBB directly, again preceding the development of a massive inflammatory infiltrate that would be reflected as pleocytosis in the CSF (18).”
From Pathogen detection in acellular cerebrospinal fluid: diagnostic insights from a pediatric cohort in Colombia (2026) · cites this paper as [18]
Blood vessels within the choroid plexus and circumventricular organs have endothelia that lack tight junctions and are open to peripheral circulation.
“Blood vessels within these two structures have endothelia that lack tight junctions and are open to peripheral circulation (25, 26).”
From The anatomy and immunology of vasculature in the central nervous system (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
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Molecular and cellular aspects of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease
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Patiño Patiño, J. J., Osorio-Rodríguez, E., García Toscano, Y. P., Filott Tamara, M., De-Ávila-Arias, M., Rodríguez Sanjuán, A., Villarreal-Camacho, J. L., Martínez De la Rosa, W., Bilbao Ramírez, J., Coronell-Rodríguez, W., et al. (2026) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.02122-25
“This molecularly driven invasion allows GBS to cross the BBB directly, again preceding the development of a massive inflammatory infiltrate that would be reflected as pleocytosis in the CSF (18).”
- Authors
- Kaur, C., Rathnasamy, G., & Ling, E.-A.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-02-17
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 198-213
- ISSN
- 0022-3069 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-6578
- OpenAlex
- W2281330516
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 267
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 1.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Keywords
- choroid plexus, cerebrospinal fluid production, blood-CSF barrier, choroid plexus epithelial cells, tight junctions, growth factors, aging, Alzheimer's disease, brain injury, central nervous system infection, multiple sclerosis, autoreactive T cells, leukocyte transmigration, blood-brain barrier
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain Diseases, Choroid Plexus, Humans, Tight Junctions
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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