A new look at cerebrospinal fluid circulation
Open accessAbstract
According to the traditional understanding of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology, the majority of CSF is produced by the choroid plexus, circulates through the ventricles, the cisterns, and the subarachnoid space to be absorbed into the blood by the arachnoid villi. This review surveys key developments leading to the traditional concept. Challenging this concept are novel insights utilizing molecular and cellular biology as well as neuroimaging, which indicate that CSF physiology may be much more complex than previously believed. The CSF circulation comprises not only a directed flow of CSF, but in addition a pulsatile to and fro movement throughout the entire brain with local fluid exchange between blood, interstitial fluid, and CSF. Astrocytes, aquaporins, and other membrane transporters are key elements in brain water and CSF homeostasis. A continuous bidirectional fluid exchange at the blood brain barrier produces flow rates, which exceed the choroidal CSF production rate by far. The CSF circulation around blood vessels penetrating from the subarachnoid space into the Virchow Robin spaces provides both a drainage pathway for the clearance of waste molecules from the brain and a site for the interaction of the systemic immune system with that of the brain. Important physiological functions, for example the regeneration of the brain during sleep, may depend on CSF circulation.
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Uptake into arachnoid villi seems to be of minor importance in humans.
“Uptake into arachnoid villi, as proposed more than one hundred years ago, seems to be of minor importance in humans, as reviewed by Brinker et al. (50) and as indicated in our recent study (13).”
From Brain-wide glymphatic enhancement and clearance in humans assessed with MRI. (2018) · cites this paper as [50]
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- Authors
- Brinker, T., Stopa, E., Morrison, J., & Klinge, P.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brinker, Thomas
- ORCID
- Klinge, Petra
- Venue
- Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10
- ISSN
- 2045-8118 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4016637
- OpenAlex
- W2157256907
- Cited by
- 819
- References
- 167
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 105 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 91 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 6.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Fluids and Barriers of the CNS (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- cerebrospinal fluid flow, choroid plexus, arachnoid villi, CSF absorption, interstitial fluid, blood-CSF barrier, astrocytes, aquaporins, brain water homeostasis, perivascular spaces, cerebrospinal fluid drainage
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