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Cited by 527Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ResearchObstructive Sleep Apnea ResearchRespiratory Support and Mechanisms

Altered Respiratory Physiology in Obesity

Open access
Parameswaran, Krishnan, Todd, David C, Soth, Mark·2006·Canadian Respiratory Journal
DOI 10.1155/2006/834786PMC PMC2683280
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Abstract

The major respiratory complications of obesity include a heightened demand for ventilation, elevated work of breathing, respiratory muscle inefficiency and diminished respiratory compliance. The decreased functional residual capacity and expiratory reserve volume, with a high closing volume to functional residual capacity ratio of obesity, are associated with the closure of peripheral lung units, ventilation to perfusion ratio abnormalities and hypoxemia, especially in the supine position. Conventional respiratory function tests are only mildly affected by obesity except in extreme cases. The major circulatory complications are increased total and pulmonary blood volume, high cardiac output and elevated left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure. Patients with obesity commonly develop hypoventilation and sleep apnea syndromes with attenuated hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responsiveness. The final result is hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension and progressively worsening disability. Obese patients have increased dyspnea and decreased exercise capacity, which are vital to quality of life. Decreased muscle, increased joint pain and skin friction are important determinants of decreased exercise capacity, in addition to the cardiopulmonary effects of obesity. The effects of obesity on mortality in heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have not been definitively resolved. Whether obesity contributes to asthma and airway hyper‐responsiveness is uncertain. Weight reduction and physical activity are effective means of reversing the respiratory complications of obesity.

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Crossref · 10.1155/2006/834786

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Added weight on the thorax and abdomen (and also the neck) can significantly affect static and dynamic lung volumes along with respiratory mechanics, usually in a dose-response fashion.

    “Added weight on the thorax and abdomen (and also the neck), can significantly affect static and dynamic lung volumes along with respiratory mechanics,92–112 usually in a dose-response fashion.”

    From Pathogenesis of hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014) · cites this paper as [100]

  • Forced abdominal expiration can also be seen in morbidly obese patients with a prolonged expiratory phase, decreased functional residual capacity and chest wall compliance.

    “Forced abdominal expiration can also be seen in morbidly obese patients with a prolonged expiratory phase, decreased functional residual capacity and chest wall compliance [64].”

    From Dysfunctional breathing: a review of the literature and proposal for classification (2016) · cites this paper as [64]

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Authors
Parameswaran, K., Todd, D. C., & Soth, M.
Affiliations
  • St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton (CA)
  • McMaster University (CA)
Corresponding author
Parameswaran, Krishnan
Venue
Canadian Respiratory Journal
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2006-01
Volume
13
Issue
4
Pages
203-210
ISSN
  • 1198-2241 (ISSN-L)
  • 1916-7245
DOI
10.1155/2006/834786
PMC
PMC2683280
OpenAlex
W2299884836
Cited by
527
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 28
FWCI
2.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Canadian Respiratory Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • McMaster University
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Keywords
obesity, respiratory physiology, hypoventilation, sleep apnea, hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, respiratory compliance, work of breathing, pulmonary blood volume, cardiac output, exercise capacity, dyspnea, asthma, airway hyperresponsiveness, weight loss, physical activity, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
MeSH terms
Airway Resistance, Cardiovascular System, Dyspnea, Humans, Lung Diseases, Obstructive, Obesity, Oxygen, Respiration, Respiratory System, Weight Loss, Exercise, Adiposity

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