Exercise Intolerance in Patients With Heart Failure
Open accessAbstract
Exercise intolerance is the cardinal symptom of heart failure (HF) and is of crucial relevance, because it is associated with a poor quality of life and increased mortality. While impaired cardiac reserve is considered to be central in HF, reduced exercise and functional capacity are the result of key patient characteristics and multisystem dysfunction, including aging, impaired pulmonary reserve, as well as peripheral and respiratory skeletal muscle dysfunction. We herein review the different modalities to quantify exercise intolerance, the pathophysiology of HF, and comorbid conditions as they lead to reductions in exercise and functional capacity, highlighting the fact that distinct causes may coexist and variably contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with HF.
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- Authors
- Del Buono, M. G., Arena, R., Borlaug, B. A., Carbone, S., Canada, J. M., Kirkman, D. L., Garten, R., Rodriguez-Miguelez, P., Guazzi, M., Lavie, C. J., & Abbate, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Ochsner Health System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Abbate, Antonio
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-05
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 2209-2225
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2943775907
- Cited by
- 477
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 91 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 17
- FWCI
- 9.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- American College of Cardiology Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart rate and cardiovascular health
- Keywords
- exercise intolerance, heart failure, functional capacity, cardiac reserve, pulmonary reserve, skeletal muscle dysfunction, aging, comorbidities, exercise testing, pathophysiology
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Heart Failure, Humans, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Prognosis, Severity of Illness Index, Vital Capacity, Exercise, Comorbidity, Exercise Tolerance, Risk Assessment
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