Role of garlic usage in cardiovascular disease prevention: An evidence-based approach
Open accessAbstract
Introduction. Rapidly growing prevalence of cardiovascular disease is a major threat for the developed as well as developing world warranting urgent need of intervention. Complementary and alternative medicines are gaining popularity among general population because of their safety profile and easy administration. Garlic, in particular, is considered to be one of the best disease-preventive foods because of its potent and widespread effects. This study was done to find out the role of garlic usage in cardiovascular disease prevention.Methodology. Major databases including Google, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane library view were used for the literature search. Clinical trials conducted on humans assessing role of garlic usage in cardiovascular disease prevention and the possible mechanisms responsible for such therapeutic actions were assessed.Results. Various clinical trials and meta-analyses conducted have shown positive impact of garlic in cardiovascular-disease prevention especially its effects on lipid levels; however, some contradictory results are also reported. Similarly, its effects on hypertension control, and platelet are also mild with limited data availability. The possible reason for these inconsistent results is the difference in preparations with diverse composition, variations in sulphur content present in different garlic preparations used, and methodological variations in subject recruitment, duration of study, dietary control and so forth.Conclusion. Garlic can be used as an adjuvant with lipid-lowering drugs for control of lipids, however, its role as a main therapeutic agent cannot be recommended and it is suggested that more meta-analyses using standardized preparations with a close watch on methodological shortfalls should be conducted to prove its role.
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Various evidence encourages the significant and crucial role of garlic preparations and their phytochemicals in treating hypercholesterolemia by preventing cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver and inhibiting LDL and HDL oxidation.
“various evidence encourages the significant and crucial role of garlic preparations and its phytochemicals in treating hypercholesterolemia by preventing the cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver as well as inhibiting low-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) oxidation.”
From Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review (2020) · cites this paper as [107]
Garlic reduces cholesterol level either by stimulating acidic and neutral steroids excretion or by reducing the cholesterogenic and lipogenic effects of fatty acid synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, malic, and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase in hepatocytes.
“garlic reduces the cholesterol level either by stimulating the acidic and neutral steroids excretion or by reducing the cholesterogenic and lipogenic effects of fatty acid synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, malic, and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase in hepatocytes [107].”
From Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review (2020) · cites this paper as [107]
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- Authors
- Qidwai, W., & Ashfaq, T.
- Affiliations
- Aga Khan University (PK)
- Corresponding author
- Ashfaq, Tabinda
- Venue
- Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 2013
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 1741-427X (ISSN-L)
- 1741-4288
- PMC
- PMC3652202
- OpenAlex
- W2032946799
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 7.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Garlic and Onion Studies
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemical synthesis and alkaloids
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Botanical Studies and Applications
- Keywords
- garlic, cardiovascular disease prevention, hypolipidemic effect, hypertension, platelet function, sulfur compounds, complementary and alternative medicine, lipid-lowering drugs
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