The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
How the Intricate Interaction among Toll-Like Receptors, Microbiota, and Intestinal Immunity Can Influence Gastrointestinal Pathology
Open accessAbstract
The gut is able to maintain tolerance to microbial and food antigens. The intestine minimizes the number of harmful bacteria by shaping the microbiota through a symbiotic relationship. In healthy human intestine, a constant homeostasis is maintained by the perfect regulation of microbial load and the immune response generated against it. Failure of this balance may result in various pathological conditions. Innate immune sensors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), may be considered an interface among intestinal epithelial barrier, microbiota, and immune system. TLRs pathway, activated by pathogens, is involved in the pathogenesis of several infectious and inflammatory diseases. The alteration of the homeostasis between physiologic and pathogenic bacteria of intestinal flora causes a condition called dysbiosis. The breakdown of homeostasis by dysbiosis may increase susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases. It is evident that environment, genetics, and host immunity form a highly interactive regulatory triad that controls TLR function. Imbalanced relationships within this triad may promote aberrant TLR signaling, critically contributing to acute and chronic intestinal inflammatory processes, such as in IBD, colitis, and colorectal cancer. The study of interactions between different components of the immune systems and intestinal microbiota will open new horizons in the knowledge of gut inflammation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
Hugot, J.-P., Chamaillard, M., Zouali, H., Lesage, S., Cézard, J.-P., Belaiche, J., Almer, S., Tysk, C., O'Morain, C. A., Gassull, M., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35079107 · Cited by 5,591
Frank, D. N., St. Amand, A. L., Feldman, R. A., Boedeker, E. C., Harpaz, N., & Pace, N. R. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0706625104 · Cited by 4,611
Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
Xavier, R. J., & Podolsky, D. K. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06005 · Cited by 4,364
Recognition of Commensal Microflora by Toll-Like Receptors Is Required for Intestinal Homeostasis
Rakoff-Nahoum, S., Paglino, J., Eslami-Varzaneh, F., Edberg, S., & Medzhitov, R. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.002 · Cited by 4,251
The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5
Hayashi, F., Smith, K. D., Ozinsky, A., Hawn, T. R., Yi, E. C., Goodlett, D. R., Eng, J. K., Akira, S., Underhill, D. M., & Aderem, A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35074106 · Cited by 3,601
Gut flora in health and disease
Guarner, F., & Malagelada, J.-R. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12489-0 · Cited by 3,365
Abraham, C., & Cho, J. H. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra0804647 · Cited by 2,712
Commensal Host-Bacterial Relationships in the Gut
Hooper, L. V., & Gordon, J. I. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1058709 · Cited by 2,362
Role of the gut microbiota in immunity and inflammatory disease
Kamada, N., Seo, S.-U., Chen, G. Y., & Núñez, G. (2013) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3430 · Cited by 2,256
Ozinsky, A., Underhill, D. M., Fontenot, J. D., Hajjar, A. M., Smith, K. D., Wilson, C. B., Schroeder, L., & Aderem, A. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.250476497 · Cited by 2,085
Cited by
The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer, Immunity, and Cancer Immunotherapy
Gopalakrishnan, V., Helmink, B. A., Spencer, C. N., Reuben, A., & Wargo, J. A. (2018) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.015 · Cited by 1,392
“Disruption of the delicate balance of commensal bacteria is seen in the setting of dysbiosis, which is characterized by a less-diverse and less-stable microbiota, with potential enrichment of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (Frosali et al., 2015).”
BackgroundHypertension-Linked Pathophysiological Alterations in the Gut
Santisteban, M. M., Qi, Y., Zubcevic, J., Kim, S., Yang, T., Shenoy, V., Cole-Jeffrey, C. T., Lobaton, G. O., Stewart, D. C., Rubiano, A., et al. (2017) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.309006 · Cited by 525
Fernandes, A., Rodrigues, P. M., Pintado, M., & Tavaria, F. K. (2023) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154824 · Cited by 264
Gut microbiome and cancer immunotherapy
Li, W., Deng, Y., Chu, Q., & Zhang, P. (2019) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.015 · Cited by 253
Toll-Like Receptors: Regulators of the Immune Response in the Human Gut
Hug, H., Mohajeri, M., & La Fata, G. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10020203 · Cited by 217
Metadata
- Authors
- Frosali, S., Pagliari, D., Gambassi, G., Landolfi, R., Pandolfi, F., & Cianci, R.
- Venue
- Journal of Immunology Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 2015
- Pages
- 1-12
- ISSN
- 2314-7156 (ISSN-L)
- 2314-8861
- OpenAlex
- W1616145464
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 105
- FWCI
- 9.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: How the Intricate Interaction among Toll-Like Receptors, Microbiota, and Intestinal Immunity Can Influence Gastrointestinal Pathology. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1155/2015/489821
- The paper
- Frosali, S., Pagliari, D., Gambassi, G., Landolfi, R., Pandolfi, F., & Cianci, R. (2015). How the Intricate Interaction among Toll-Like Receptors, Microbiota, and Intestinal Immunity Can Influence Gastrointestinal Pathology. Journal of Immunology Research. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/489821
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
