The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Associations of Parental Influences with Physical Activity and Screen Time among Young Children: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
Parents play a critical role in developing and shaping their children's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours, particularly in the early years of life. The aim of this systematic review is to identify current literature investigating associations of parental influences with both PA and screen time in young children. This systematic review was conducted in November 2013 using 6 electronic databases covering research literature from January 1998 to November 2013. Thirty articles that met inclusion criteria were identified. These studies covered five important aspects of parenting: (1) parenting practices; (2) parents' role modelling; (3) parental perceptions of children's PA and screen viewing behaviours; (4) parental self-efficacy; and (5) general parenting style. Findings suggest that parents' encouragement and support can increase children's PA, and reducing parents' own screen time can lead to decreased child screen time. Improving parenting practices, parental self-efficacy or changing parenting style may also be promising approaches to increasing PA time and decreasing screen time of young children.
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“Moreover, parents should also moderate their own MTSD use, as their use can have an impact on adolescents’ technology use [23, 48].”
From “From the moment I wake up I will use it…every day, very hour”: a qualitative study on the patterns of adolescents’ mobile touch screen device use from adolescent and parent perspectives (2019) · cites this paper as [48]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This is consistent with other studies which have indicated mediation of children’s technology use by parental rules or restrictions [25, 48].”
From “From the moment I wake up I will use it…every day, very hour”: a qualitative study on the patterns of adolescents’ mobile touch screen device use from adolescent and parent perspectives (2019) · cites this paper as [48]
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In the citing paper
“This is supported by other studies which have found that feelings of belonging, peer pressure [47], and frequent use of technology by parents were associated with increased technology use by children [23, 48].”
In the citing paper
“There is some evidence to suggest that when parents reduce their own sedentary behaviours (including screen time), their children may decrease their screen time.105”
From Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020) (2020) · cites this paper as [105]
In the citing paper
“All three reviews stated that parental encouragement and support can increase PA in children (58, 59), as well as reduce sedentary behaviour (57).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“another review found that a reduction in parental (sedentary) screen time can lead to decreased screen time in children (59).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“Three systematic reviews were identified that deal specifically with interventions in the family and home setting (Table 3) (57–59).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
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Citations
Cites
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“5) found no such association [38, 43] with another study suggesting a negative effect of TV time rules on screen time [45].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialScreen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates
Duch, H., Fisher, E. M., Ensari, I., & Harrington, A. (2013) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-102 · Cited by 434
BMI from 3–6 y of age is predicted by TV viewing and physical activity, not diet
Jago, R., Baranowski, T., Baranowski, J. C., Thompson, D. I., & Greaves, K. A. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802969 · Cited by 433 · cited 9×
“(2 01 0) C na da [2 3] Cr os sse ct io na l 10 2 3– 5 (1 )P ar en ta lP A (2 )F am ily su pp or tf or PA (a ve ra ge of re sp on se st o”
BackgroundInfluentialRhee, K. E. (2008) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/0002716207308400 · Cited by 424 · cited 3×
“In addition to parents’ rolemodelling and parenting practices, general parenting style and parental self-efficacy also influence the development of PA and sedentary behaviours of young children, particularly in the early years of life [8].”
BackgroundInfluentialFitzgibbon, M., Stolley, M., Schiffer, L., van Horn, L., KauferChristoffel, K., & Dyer, A. (2005) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.12.019 · Cited by 411
Lubans, D. R., Boreham, C. A., Kelly, P., & Foster, C. E. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-5 · Cited by 373
Perceived parental efficacy: concept analysis
de Montigny, F., & Lacharité, C. (2005) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03302.x · Cited by 337
Spurrier, N. J., Magarey, A., Golley, R. K., Curnow, F., & SAWYER, M. G. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-5-31 · Cited by 317
Systematic review of correlates of screen-viewing among young children
Cillero, I. H., & Jago, R. (2010) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.04.012 · Cited by 308
Parental influences on physical activity behavior in preschool children
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“But another two studies found that parent perception of children’s physical competence was positively associated with children’s PA (MVPA) [21, 22].”
BackgroundParental Influence on Young Children's Physical Activity
Zecevic, C., Tremblay, L., Lovsin, T. K., & ̈re, M. L. (2010) · International Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1155/2010/468526 · Cited by 229 · cited 2×
“Perception of importance of children’s PA [23, 28] and perception of children’s physical competence [21, 22] were reported in 4 studies.”
BackgroundCorrelates of sedentary behaviours in preschool children: a review
Hinkley, T., Salmon, J., Okely, A. D., & Trost, S. G. (2010) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-7-66 · Cited by 226
Berge, J. M. (2009) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh.2009.21.4.457 · Cited by 226
Gubbels, J. S., Kremers, S., Stafleu, A., de Vries, S. I., Goldbohm, R. A., Dagnelie, P. C., de Vries, N. K., van Buuren, S., & Thijs, C. T. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-18 · Cited by 202 · cited 2×
“5) found no such association [38, 43] with another study suggesting a negative effect of TV time rules on screen time [45].”
BackgroundKain, J., Uauy, R. D., Albala, Vío, F., Cerda, R., & Leyton, B. D. (2004) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802611 · Cited by 194
Carson, V., & Janssen, I. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-539 · Cited by 175
Longitudinal Study of Physical Activity and Inactivity in Preschoolers
Taylor, R. W., Murdoch, L., Carter, P., Gerrard, D. F., Williams, S., & Taylor, B. J. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181849d81 · Cited by 174 · cited 1×
“Eight studies [19, 21–24, 28, 29, 48] used parent self-administered questionnaires to assess parents’ own PA time, frequency, and intensity with two studies using accelerometer [20, 30] and one study using both parent self-administered questionnaire and accelerometer [32].”
MethodCorrelates of energy balance‐related behaviours in preschool children: a systematic review
Craemer, M. D., Decker, E. D., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Vereecken, C. A., Deforche, B. I., Μanios, Y., Cardon, G., & ToyBox‐study group (2012) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00941.x · Cited by 169
Campbell, K. J., Hesketh, K. D., Silverii, A., & Abbott, G. (2010) · International Journal of Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.3109/17477161003777425 · Cited by 169 · cited 2×
“5), which concluded that high parental self-efficacy in reducing children’s screen time was associated with less screen time in children [36–38, 47].”
BackgroundMethodVandewater, E. A., Park, S.-E., Huang, X., & Wartella, E. A. (2004) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764204271497 · Cited by 158 · cited 6×
“The study conducted in 2005 found childrenwhose parents hadTVprogram rules watched more TV [46], but the finding was not supported by another study in 2007 [43].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialParental influences on child physical activity and screen viewing time: a population based study
Smith, B. J., Grunseit, A., Hardy, L., King, L., Wolfenden, L., & Milat, A. (2010) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-593 · Cited by 146 · cited 2×
“One study assessed parental self-efficacy for influencing their child’s PA in eight challenging situations such that the parent cannot think of activities to suggest; the parent is not able to participate in the activity [47].”
BackgroundDwyer, G., Higgs, J., Hardy, L. L., & Baur, L. A. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-5-66 · Cited by 143
Decker, E. D., Craemer, M. D., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Wijndaele, K., Duvinage, K., Koletzko, B. V., Grammatikaki, E., Iotova, V., Usheva, N., Fernández-Alvira, J. M., et al. (2012) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00961.x · Cited by 137
Factors Related to Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Preschool Children
Pfeiffer, K. A., Dowda, M. C., McIver, K. L., & Pate, R. R. (2009) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.21.2.196 · Cited by 136 · cited 3×
“1 found that parents’ own PA level was positively associated with young children’s PA [19, 20, 23, 28–30, 32, 48] with only two studies revealing no such association [22, 24].”
BackgroundPredictors of time spent outdoors among children: 5-year longitudinal findings
Cleland, V. J., Timperio, A. F., Salmon, J., Hume, C., Baur, L. A., & Crawford, D. A. (2009) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2009.087460 · Cited by 133 · cited 2×
“Children’s PA was measured by parent selfadministered questionnaire in 10 studies [19, 23, 24, 26, 27, 31, 45–48], followed by accelerometer in 7 studies [20–22, 28– 30, 32], or heart ratemonitoring and direct observation in one study [25].”
BackgroundMethodChild and parent characteristics as predictors of change in girls' body mass index
Davison, K. K., & Birch, L. L. (2001) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801835 · Cited by 122 · cited 1×
“1 found that parents’ own PA level was positively associated with young children’s PA [19, 20, 23, 28–30, 32, 48] with only two studies revealing no such association [22, 24].”
BackgroundMaternal Characteristics and Perception of Temperament Associated With Infant TV Exposure
Thompson, A. L., Adair, L. S., & Bentley, M. E. (2013) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1224 · Cited by 122 · cited 2×
“8 consistently revealed that parents’ own TV time was positively associatedwith their child’s screen time [33–35, 37– 40, 42, 44].”
BackgroundMethodCorrelates of Preschool Children's Physical Activity
Hinkley, T., Salmon, J., Okely, A. D., Hesketh, K. D., & Crawford, D. A. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.04.020 · Cited by 120
The Relationship Between Parents’ and Children’s Television Viewing
Bleakley, A., Jordan, A. B., & Hennessy, M. H. (2013) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2012-3415 · Cited by 117 · cited 1×
“Coviewing TV with a child [35, 46] and having meals when TV is on [34, 43] were associated with increased screen time.”
BackgroundKourlaba, G., Kondaki, K., Liarigkovinos, T., & Μanios, Y. (2009) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdp011 · Cited by 116 · cited 1×
“Nine studies used a questionnaire to measure parental TV time [33–35, 37–40, 42, 44].”
Methodvan Stralen, M. M., Velde, S. J. T., van Nassau, F., Brug, J., Grammatikaki, E., Maes, L., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Verbestel, V., Galcheva, S., Iotova, V., et al. (2012) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00959.x · Cited by 110
Parental and Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity of Children Attending Preschool
Dowda, M. C. (2011) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.84 · Cited by 107 · cited 2×
“Perception of importance of children’s PA [23, 28] and perception of children’s physical competence [21, 22] were reported in 4 studies.”
BackgroundParent influences on preschoolers’ objectively assessed physical activity
Oliver, M., Schofield, G., & Schlüter, P. J. (2009) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.05.008 · Cited by 107 · cited 1×
“Eight studies [19, 21–24, 28, 29, 48] used parent self-administered questionnaires to assess parents’ own PA time, frequency, and intensity with two studies using accelerometer [20, 30] and one study using both parent self-administered questionnaire and accelerometer [32].”
MethodThe Relationship Between Hispanic Parents and Their Preschool-Aged Children's Physical Activity
Ruiz, R. M., Gesell, S. B., Buchowski, M. S., Lambert, W. E., & Barkin, S. L. (2011) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1712 · Cited by 93 · cited 1×
“Eight studies [19, 21–24, 28, 29, 48] used parent self-administered questionnaires to assess parents’ own PA time, frequency, and intensity with two studies using accelerometer [20, 30] and one study using both parent self-administered questionnaire and accelerometer [32].”
MethodPhysical activity in young children: a systematic review of parental influences
Mitchell, J., Skouteris, H., McCabe, M., Ricciardelli, L. A., Milgrom, J., Baur, L. A., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., & Dwyer, G. (2012) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2011.619658 · Cited by 84 · cited 1×
“Findings from a recent systematic review [16] investigating associations between parental factors (parents’ role Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Obesity Volume 2015, Article ID 546925, 23 pages http://dx.”
BackgroundChange in Parental Influence on Children’s Physical Activity Over Time
Alderman, B. L., Benham-Deal, T., & Jenkins, J. M. (2010) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.7.1.60 · Cited by 83 · cited 5×
“( 20 10 ) U SA [19 ] Lo ng itu di na l 69 Ba se lin e4 –6 Fo llo w -u p 5– 15 (1 )P ar en ta lP A (2 )Th ea m ou nt of tim e”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFactors that affect television viewing time in preschool and primary schoolchildren
Yalçın, S. S., Tuğrul, B., Naçar, N., Tuncer, M., & Yurdakök, K. (2002) · Pediatrics International · doi:10.1046/j.1442-200x.2002.01648.x · Cited by 80 · cited 3×
“8 consistently revealed that parents’ own TV time was positively associatedwith their child’s screen time [33–35, 37– 40, 42, 44].”
BackgroundMethodBeets, M. W., & Foley, J. T. (2008) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.22.3.195 · Cited by 67
Birken, C. S., Maguire, J. L., Mekky, M., Manlhiot, C., Beck, C. E., Jacobson, S., Peer, M., Taylor, C., McCrindle, B. W., & Parkin, P. C. (2011) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980011000516 · Cited by 66
Parenting Styles and Health-Related Behavior in Childhood and Early Adolescence
Lohaus, A., Vierhaus, M., & Ball, J. (2008) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431608322954 · Cited by 63
The correlates of preschoolers' compliance with screen recommendations exist across multiple domains
Hinkley, T., Salmon, J., Okely, A. D., & Crawford, D. A. (2013) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.05.020 · Cited by 44 · cited 3×
“5) found no such association [38, 43] with another study suggesting a negative effect of TV time rules on screen time [45].”
BackgroundSedentary Behavior, Not TV Viewing, Predicts Physical Activity among 3- to 7-Year-Old Children
Jago, R., Baranowski, T., Thompson, D. I., Baranowski, J. C., & Greaves, K. A. (2005) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.17.4.364 · Cited by 38 · cited 1×
“Children’s PA was measured by parent selfadministered questionnaire in 10 studies [19, 23, 24, 26, 27, 31, 45–48], followed by accelerometer in 7 studies [20–22, 28– 30, 32], or heart ratemonitoring and direct observation in one study [25].”
MethodParenting style associated with sedentary behaviour in preschool children
Schary, D. P., Cardinal, B. J., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2012) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2012.678596 · Cited by 28
Barr‐Anderson, D. J., Fulkerson, J. A., Smyth, M. H., Himes, J. H., Hannan, P. J., Rock, B. H., & Story, M. T. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 26
Parental support exceeds parenting style for promoting active play in preschool children
Schary, D. P., Cardinal, B. J., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2012) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2012.685622 · Cited by 22 · cited 2×
“Only one study investigated the association of general parenting style and children’s PA [31].”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 55 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 2011, Preventing Chronic Disease, 8
- 2008, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5
- 2009, International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 21, 457
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rhodes, R. E., Guerrero, M., Vanderloo, L. M., Barbeau, K., Birken, C. S., Chaput, J., Faulkner, G., Janssen, I., Madigan, S. L., Mâsse, L. C., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-00973-0 · Cited by 335
Impact of parents mobile device use on parent-child interaction: A literature review
Kildare, C. A., & Middlemiss, W. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.003 · Cited by 386
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Messing, S., Rütten, A., Abu-Omar, K., Ungerer-Röhrich, U., Goodwin, L., Burlacu, I., & Gediga, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00055 · Cited by 259
“review identified a positive association between children’s PA levels and the PA levels of their parents (58), another review found that a reduction in parental (sedentary) screen time can lead to decreased screen time in children (59).”
BackgroundLópez‐Bueno, R., Sánchez, G. F. L., Casajús, J. A., Calatayud, J., Gil-Salmerón, A., Grabovac, I., Tully, M. A., & Smith, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2020.00573 · Cited by 275
“Overall, both parental guidance and example can strongly influence children ́s and adolescent 328 behaviors regarding diet, screen, and physical activity habits (55,56), which, in turn, could be also 329 influenced by socioeconomic variables such as education and income (i.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Xu, H., Wen, L. M., & Rissel, C.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Tongji University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Huilan
- Venue
- Journal of Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 2015
- Pages
- 1-23
- ISSN
- 2090-0708 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-0716
- PMC
- PMC4383435
- OpenAlex
- W2014373317
- Cited by
- 454
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 2.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- parental influence, physical activity, screen time, sedentary behavior, young children, parenting practices, parental role modeling, parental self-efficacy, parenting styles
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Television, Time Factors, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Parenting, Video Games, Sedentary Behavior, Pediatric Obesity
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