Cited by 273Pancreatic function and diabetesAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDiabetes Treatment and Management

Islet amyloid polypeptide: structure, function, and pathophysiology

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Akter, Rehana, Cao, Ping, Noor, Harris, Ridgway, Zachary, Tu, Ling-Hsien, Wang, Hui, Wong, Amy G., Zhang, Xiaoxue +3 more·2016·Journal of Diabetes Research

Abstract

The hormone islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, or amylin) plays a role in glucose homeostasis but aggregates to form islet amyloid in type-2 diabetes. Islet amyloid formation contributes to β -cell dysfunction and death in the disease and to the failure of islet transplants. Recent work suggests a role for IAPP aggregation in cardiovascular complications of type-2 diabetes and hints at a possible role in type-1 diabetes. The mechanisms of IAPP amyloid formation in vivo or in vitro are not understood and the mechanisms of IAPP induced β -cell death are not fully defined. Activation of the inflammasome, defects in autophagy, ER stress, generation of reactive oxygen species, membrane disruption, and receptor mediated mechanisms have all been proposed to play a role. Open questions in the field include the relative importance of the various mechanisms of β -cell death, the relevance of reductionist biophysical studies to the situation in vivo , the molecular mechanism of amyloid formation in vitro and in vivo , the factors which trigger amyloid formation in type-2 diabetes, the potential role of IAPP in type-1 diabetes, the development of clinically relevant inhibitors of islet amyloidosis toxicity, and the design of soluble, bioactive variants of IAPP for use as adjuncts to insulin therapy.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1155/2016/2798269

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180 of 180 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Amylin analogs such as pramlintide dramatically lower body weight, HbA1c levels, and even insulin dosage.

    “It has been demonstrated that amylin analogs, such as pramlintide, dramatically lower body weight, HbA1c levels, and even insulin dosage (98, 99).”

    From A critical review on diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 management approaches: from lifestyle modification to current and novel targets and therapeutic agents. (2024) · cites this paper as [99]

    Section 16 identifies pramlintide as an IAPP analog and says IAPP coadministered with insulin improves control of fluctuating glucose levels. Section 7 reports weight-lowering effects of IAPP in obese rats and humans. Neither section establishes that pramlintide dramatically lowers body weight, HbA1c, or insulin dosage; the copy provides no magnitude for those effects. Page numbers were not available. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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  • Compared to insulin monotherapy, patients with T1DM who received amylin analog in addition to insulin experienced a greater reduction in pre-prandial hyperglycemia and a corresponding decrease in glucagon levels.

    “Compared to insulin monotherapy, patients with T1DM who received amylin analog in addition to insulin experienced a greater reduction in pre-prandial hyperglycemia and a corresponding decrease in glucagon levels.”

    From A critical review on diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 management approaches: from lifestyle modification to current and novel targets and therapeutic agents. (2024) · cites this paper as [99]

    Section 16 (page unavailable) says coadministering IAPP with insulin normalizes fluctuating glucose levels better than insulin alone and identifies pramlintide as an IAPP analog approved for type 1 diabetes. Sections 1 and 7 say IAPP suppresses glucagon release. The paper does not report the claimed comparison in patients with T1DM specifically for pre-prandial hyperglycemia or a corresponding measured decrease in glucagon levels. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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1 of the 181 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [99]Charge S. B. P. de Koning E. J. P. Clark A. Effect of pH and insulin on fibrillogenesis of islet amyloid polypeptide in vitro Biochemistry 1995 34 44 14588 14593 10.1021/bi00044a038 2-s2.0-0028886748 7578065 · DOI

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Authors
Akter, R., Cao, P., Noor, H., Ridgway, Z., Tu, L.-H., Wang, H., Wong, A. G., Zhang, X., Abedini, A., Schmidt, A. M., & Raleigh, D. P.
Affiliations
  • Stony Brook University (US)
  • NYU Langone Health (US)
  • University College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Raleigh, Daniel P.
Venue
Journal of Diabetes Research
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016
Volume
2016
Pages
1-18
ISSN
  • 2314-6745 (ISSN-L)
  • 2314-6753
OpenAlex
W2209022283
Cited by
273
References
181
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10
FWCI
3.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Diabetes Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (GM078114, 5T32GM09271405)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords
amylin, islet amyloid, type 2 diabetes, beta-cell dysfunction, beta-cell death, islet transplantation, cardiovascular complications, type 1 diabetes, inflammasome, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, reactive oxygen species, glucose homeostasis
MeSH terms
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Islets of Langerhans, Structure-Activity Relationship, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide

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