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Cited by 168Multiple Myeloma Research and TreatmentsCytokine Signaling Pathways and InteractionsTGF-β signaling in diseases

Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Equilibrium, Proliferative and Antiproliferative Balance: The Role of Cytokines in Multiple Myeloma

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Musolino, Caterina, Allegra, Alessandro, Innao, Vanessa, Allegra, Andrea Gaetano, Pioggia, Giovanni, Gangemi, Sebastiano·2017·Mediators of Inflammation
DOI 10.1155/2017/1852517PMC PMC5635476
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Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is typically exemplified by a desynchronized cytokine system with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. We focused on the contrast between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory systems by assessing the role of cytokines and their influence on MM. The aim of this review is to summarize the available information to date concerning this equilibrium to provide an overview of the research exploring the roles of serum cytokines in MM. However, the association between MM and inflammatory cytokines appears to be inadequate, and other functions, such as pro-proliferative or antiproliferative effects, can assume the role of cytokines in the genesis and progression of MM. It is possible that inflammation, when guided by cancer-specific Th1 cells, may inhibit tumour onset and progression. In a Th1 microenvironment, proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and IL-1) may contribute to tumour eradication by attracting leucocytes from the circulation and by increasing CD4+T cell activity. Hence, caution should be used when considering therapies that target factors with pro- or anti-inflammatory activity. Drugs that may reduce the tumour-suppressive Th1-driven inflammatory immune response should be avoided. A better understanding of the relationship between inflammation and myeloma will ensure more effective therapeutic interventions.

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  • Blocking IL-6 is considered a potential strategy for MM treatment.

    “Given that IL-6 promotes the proliferation of MM cells, blocking IL-6 is considered a potential strategy for MM treatment [110–112].”

    From Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [111]

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Sorted by citations

Authors
Musolino, C., Allegra, A., Innao, V., Allegra, A. G., Pioggia, G., & Gangemi, S.
Affiliations
  • University of Messina (IT)
  • Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems (IT)
Corresponding author
Allegra, Alessandro
ORCID
Venue
Mediators of Inflammation
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2017
Volume
2017
Pages
1-24
ISSN
  • 0962-9351 (ISSN-L)
  • 1466-1861
DOI
10.1155/2017/1852517
PMC
PMC5635476
OpenAlex
W2757493176
Cited by
168
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 13
FWCI
2.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Mediators of Inflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › TGF-β signaling in diseases
Keywords
multiple myeloma, cytokines, inflammation, Th1 response, interleukin-6, interleukin-1, CD4+ T cells, tumor progression, anti-inflammatory cytokines, tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy
MeSH terms
Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Humans, Inflammation, Interleukin-2, Multiple Myeloma, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Interleukin-12, Interleukin-15

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