Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains Stimulate the Inflammatory Response and Activate Human Macrophages
Open accessAbstract
Lactobacilli have been shown to promote health functions. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism by which four different strains of probiotics affected innate immunity, such as regulation of ROS, cytokines, phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, signaling by NF- κ B pp65, and TLR2 activation. The production of ROS was dependent on the concentration and species of Lactobacillus . The results obtained from the tested strains ( Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus KLSD, L. helveticus IMAU70129, and L. casei IMAU60214) showed that strains induced early proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-8,TNF- α , IL-12p70, and IL-6. However, IL-1 β expression was induced only by L. helveticus and L. casei strains (after 24 h stimulation). Phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of macrophages against various pathogens, such as S. aureus , S. typhimurium , and E. coli , were increased by pretreatment with Lactobacillus . The nuclear translocation NF- κ B pp65 and TLR2-dependent signaling were also increased by treatment with the probiotics. Taken together, the experiments demonstrate that probiotic strains of Lactobacillus exert early immunostimulatory effects that may be directly linked to the initial inflammation of the response of human macrophages.
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Probiotic strains of Lactobacillus can exert early immunostimulatory effects that may be directly linked to the initial inflammation of the response of human macrophages.
“Probiotic strains of Lactobacillus can exert early immunostimulatory effects that may be directly linked to the initial inflammation of the response of human macrophages [44].”
From Vaginal probiotics as therapeutic adjuncts for improving embryo transfer success rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
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- Authors
- Rocha-Ramírez, L. M., Pérez-Solano, R. A., Castañón-Alonso, S. L., Moreno Guerrero, S. S., Ramírez Pacheco, A., García Garibay, M., & Eslava, C.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (MX)
- Departamento de Hemato-Oncología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, 06720 Delegación Cuauhtémoc, MEX, Mexico
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Unidad Iztapalapa and Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Unidad Lerma, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col Vicentina, 09340 Mexico City, Mexico
- Corresponding author
- Rocha-Ramírez, L. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Immunology Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 2017
- Pages
- 1-14
- ISSN
- 2314-7156 (ISSN-L)
- 2314-8861
- PMC
- PMC5516745
- OpenAlex
- W2729267312
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 13.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Immunology Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Fondos Federales México (HIM/2011/007 SSA.929, HIM/2014/013 SSA.1120)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Keywords
- probiotics, Lactobacillus, macrophages, innate immunity, inflammation, reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines, phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, NF-κB signaling, TLR2, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli
- MeSH terms
- Cells, Cultured, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Lactobacillus, Macrophage Activation, Phagocytosis, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Signal Transduction, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Interleukin-8, NF-kappa B, Interleukin-12, Probiotics, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
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