Probiotic Cell‐Free Supernatants Exhibited Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity on Human Gut Epithelial Cells and Macrophages Stimulated with LPS
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The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease is increasing all over the world, especially in industrialized countries. The aim of the present work was to verify the anti‐inflammatory activity of metabolites. In particular, cell‐free supernatants of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Saccharomyces boulardii have been investigated. Metabolites produced by these probiotics were able to downregulate the expression of PGE‐2 and IL‐8 in human colon epithelial HT‐29 cells. Moreover, probiotic supernatants can differently modulate IL‐1 β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐10 production by human macrophages, suggesting a peculiar anti‐inflammatory activity. Furthermore, supernatants showed a significant dose‐dependent radical scavenging activity. This study suggests one of the mechanisms by which probiotics exert their anti‐inflammatory activity affecting directly the intestinal epithelial cells and the underlying macrophages. This study provides a further evidence to support the possible use of probiotic metabolites in preventing and downregulating intestinal inflammation as adjuvant in anti‐inflammatory therapy.
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Lactobacilli are known for intrinsic antioxidant properties; by increasing endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity and modulating systemic oxidative stress, they protect against carcinogen-induced cellular damage.
“Lactobacilli, which are often used in dietary supplements, are known for their intrinsic antioxidant properties. By increasing endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity and modulating systemic oxidative stress, these probiotic strains protect against carcinogen-induced cellular damage72.”
From Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus TMPC 41127 isolated from traditional cheese in inhibiting Salmonella Typhi biofilms and virulence genes (2026) · cites this paper as [72]
The Discussion reports that some lactobacilli have antioxidant effects and that some probiotics have been reported to increase antioxidant enzyme activity or modulate circulatory oxidative stress, protecting cells from carcinogen-induced damage. It does not establish that lactobacilli generally—or the particular strains referred to in the citing sentence—protect cells through those mechanisms. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- De Marco, S., Sichetti, M., Muradyan, D., Piccioni, M., Traina, G., Pagiotti, R., & Pietrella, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Perugia (IT)
- Yerevan State Medical University (AM)
- Corresponding author
- Pietrella, Donatella
- ORCID
- Venue
- Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 2018
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1756308-1756308
- ISSN
- 1741-427X (ISSN-L)
- 1741-4288
- PMC
- PMC6057331
- OpenAlex
- W2810790928
- Cited by
- 297
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 13
- FWCI
- 17.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- University of Perugia
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Keywords
- probiotic metabolites, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal inflammation, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus reuteri, Saccharomyces boulardii, colonic epithelial cells, HT-29 cells, macrophages, cytokine expression, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-8, free radical scavenging
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