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COVID-19 and Neutrophils: The Relationship between Hyperinflammation and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Open accessAbstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a virus-induced respiratory disease that may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and is triggered by immunopathological mechanisms that cause excessive inflammation and leukocyte dysfunction. Neutrophils play a critical function in the clearance of bacteria with specific mechanisms to combat viruses. The aim of this review is to highlight the current advances in the pathways of neutrophilic inflammation against viral infection over the past ten years, focusing on the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and its impact on severe lung diseases, such as COVID-19. We focused on studies regarding hyperinflammation, cytokine storms, neutrophil function, and viral infections. We discuss how the neutrophil’s role could influence COVID-19 symptoms in the interaction between hyperinflammation (overproduction of NETs and cytokines) and the clearance function of neutrophils to eliminate the viral infection. We also propose a more in-depth investigation into the neutrophil response mechanism targeting NETosis in the different phases of COVID-19.
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“Findings from this study and others indicate that inflammatory responses serve as a primary driver of the progressive and persistent pathophysiologic features of severe COVID-19 (43–46).”
From Lung epithelial and endothelial damage, loss of tissue repair, inhibition of fibrinolysis, and cellular senescence in fatal COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as [43]
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“NETs have been shown to promote tissue factor activation and fibrin deposition, consistent with our observations, suggesting a role for NETs in intra-alveolar thrombosis and the formation or organization of platelet-rich clots (43, 45).”
From Lung epithelial and endothelial damage, loss of tissue repair, inhibition of fibrinolysis, and cellular senescence in fatal COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as [43]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Borges, L., Pithon-Curi, T. C., Curi, R., & Hatanaka, E.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul (BR)
- Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes (ICAFE), Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto Butantan (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Borges, Leandro
- Venue
- Mediators of Inflammation
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-12-02
- Volume
- 2020
- Pages
- 1-7
- ISSN
- 0962-9351 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-1861
- PMC
- PMC7732408
- OpenAlex
- W3109283769
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 49
- FWCI
- 4.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Mediators of Inflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (88882.314890/2013-01)
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (88882.314890/2013-01)
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (88882.314890/2013-01)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, neutrophils, neutrophil extracellular traps, NETosis, hyperinflammation, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, neutrophil dysfunction, lung disease
- MeSH terms
- Host Microbial Interactions, Cytokine Release Syndrome, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Lung, Neutrophils, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Models, Immunological, Inflammation Mediators, Pandemics, Extracellular Traps
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