The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
AXL Is an Essential Factor and Therapeutic Target for Metastatic Ovarian Cancer
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is thought to play a role in metastasis; however, the therapeutic efficacy of an AXL-targeting agent remains largely untested in metastatic disease. In this study, we defined AXL as a therapeutic target for metastatic ovarian cancer. AXL is primarily expressed in metastases and advanced-stage human ovarian tumors but not in normal ovarian epithelium. Genetic inhibition of AXL in human metastatic ovarian tumor cells is sufficient to prevent the initiation of metastatic disease in vivo. Mechanistically, inhibition of AXL signaling in animals with metastatic disease results in decreased invasion and matrix metalloproteinase activity. Most importantly, soluble human AXL receptors that imposed a specific blockade of the GAS6/AXL pathway had a profound inhibitory effect on progression of established metastatic ovarian cancer without normal tissue toxicity. These results offer the first genetic validation of GAS6/AXL targeting as an effective strategy for inhibition of metastatic tumor progression in vivo. Furthermore, this study defines the soluble AXL receptor as a therapeutic candidate agent for treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer, for which current therapies are ineffective. Cancer Res; 70(19); 7570–9. ©2010 AACR.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A growing body of literature supports an essential role for AXL in promoting metastasis within many tumor types, including breast (81), ovarian (82), and lung (83).”
From Hypoxic control of metastasis (2016) · cites this paper as [82]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Budagian, V., Bulanova, E., Orinska, Z., Duitman, E. H., Brandt, K., Ludwig, A., Hartmann, D., Lemke, G., Säftig, P., & Bulfone‐Paus, S. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.25.21.9324-9339.2005 · Cited by 84
RetractedNew functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression
Egeblad, M., & Werb, Z. (2002) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc745 · Cited by 6,108
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors and Cancer—Trials and Tribulations
Coussens, L. M., Fingleton, B., & Matrisian, L. M. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1067100 · Cited by 2,761
The Origin and Pathogenesis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Proposed Unifying Theory
Kurman, R. J., & Shih, I. (2010) · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1097/pas.0b013e3181cf3d79 · Cited by 1,890
Tumor Self-Seeding by Circulating Cancer Cells
Kim, M.-Y., Oskarsson, T., Acharyya, S., Nguyen, D. X., Zhang, X. H.-F., Norton, L., & Massagué, J. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.11.025 · Cited by 1,335
Linger, R. M. A., Keating, A. K., Earp, H. S., & Graham, D. K. (2008) · Advances in cancer research · doi:10.1016/s0065-230x(08)00002-x · Cited by 750
O’Bryan, J. P., Frye, R. A., Cogswell, P. C., Neubauer, A., Kitch, B., Prokop, C. A., Espinosa, R., Beau, M. M. L., Earp, H. S., & Liu, E. (1991) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.11.10.5016 · Cited by 746
Homeostatic Regulation of the Immune System by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases of the Tyro 3 Family
Lu, Q., & Lemke, G. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1061663 · Cited by 699
Gjerdrum, C., Tiron, C., Høiby, T., Stefansson, I., Haugen, H., Sandal, T., Collett, K., Li, S., McCormack, E., Gjertsen, B. T., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0909333107 · Cited by 594
Holland, S. J., Pan, A., Franci, C., Hu, Y., Chang, B. Y., Li, W., Duan, M., Torneros, A., Yu, J., Heckrodt, T. J., et al. (2010) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2997 · Cited by 567
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–234 of 234
Roles for AXL and MERTK in Resistance to Cytotoxic and Targeted Therapies
Summers, R. J., Minson, K. A., DeRyckere, D., & Graham, D. K. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813753-6.00003-2 · Cited by 1
TAM family proteins and therapy resistance
McDaniel, N. K., Fischbach, S. R., Ondracek, O. J., Welke, N. B., Iida, M., & Wheeler, D. L. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817868-3.00008-1 · Cited by 1
Drivers of EMT and Immune Evasion
Brekken, R. A., & Wnuk-Lipińska, K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98950-7_11 · Cited by 1
GAS6-AXL signaling triggers actin remodeling and macropinocytosis that drive cancer cell invasionPreprint
Zdżalik-Bielecka, D., Poświata, A., Kozik, K., Jastrzębski, K., Schink, K. O., Brewińska‐Olchowik, M., Piwocka, K., Stenmark, H., & Miączyńska, M. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.03.15.993147 · Cited by 1
Song, X. (2011) · Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center)
The Soluble Form of the Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
Ekman, C. J. (2010) · Lund University Publications (Lund University)
BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS IN OVARIAN CARCINOGENESIS INITIATION AND PROGRESSION
Lozneanu, L. (2013)
In Silico Approach to Identify Potential Inhibitors for Axl-Gas6 Signaling
Peter, S. C., Mannu, J., & Mathur, P. P. (2016) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6740-7_17
THE HISTONE DEMETHYLASE KDM4B CONTRIBUTES TO THE PERITONEAL DISSEMINATION OF OVARIAN CANCER
Qiu, L. (2015) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL is a Potential Therapeutic Target in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Al-Mahmoodi, H. (2018) · Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester)
AXL receptor tyrosine kinase regulates Apolipoprotein E expression
Zhao, W. (2019) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0372324
Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer
Beech, J. (2015) · doi:10.18130/v3hp0v
The Role of AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase in Cancer Cell Plasticity and Therapy Resistance
Lotsberg, M. L., Davidsen, K. T., Peters, S. D., Haaland, G. S., Rayford, A. J., Lorens, J. B., & Engelsen, A. S. T. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98950-7_18
Zhou, C., Zhu, Y.-Q., Zhang, L., Li, X., Yao, J., Zhao, M., Chen, Z., & Zhang, C. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.04.14.536838
(2024) · European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology · doi:10.22514/ejgo.2024.040
Liu, X., Ping, G., Ji, D., Wen, Z., & Chen, Y. (2024) · Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biology · doi:10.1177/11795972241274024
Caro, A. A., Peiró, A. G., Hadadi, É., Berckmans, Y., Elkrim, Y., Debraekeleer, A., Cabrera, G. M., Veirman, K. D., Coosemans, A., & Laoui, D. (2025) · Gynecologic Oncology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.gore.2025.101998
Riillo, C., Polerà, N., Martino, M. D., Juli, G., Hokanson, C. A., Odineca, T., Signorelli, S., Grillone, K., Ascrizzi, S., Mancuso, A., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26587089
Riillo, C., Polerà, N., Martino, M. D., Juli, G., Hokanson, C. A., Odineca, T., Signorelli, S., Grillone, K., Ascrizzi, S., Mancuso, A., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26587086
Riillo, C., Polerà, N., Martino, M. D., Juli, G., Hokanson, C. A., Odineca, T., Signorelli, S., Grillone, K., Ascrizzi, S., Mancuso, A., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26587080
Riillo, C., Polerà, N., Martino, M. D., Juli, G., Hokanson, C. A., Odineca, T., Signorelli, S., Grillone, K., Ascrizzi, S., Mancuso, A., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26587083
Signalisation et ciblage thérapeutique du récepteur tyrosine kinase AXL dans les cancers
Leconet, W. (2014) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e91475a6z3b26z42ecza153zdc13a97fb5ec
Hagege, A. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/de357a08zde04z4690z8b75z8f2bd3f595b4
Tobe, T., Teishima, J., Mita, Y., Ueki, H., Shiraishi, Y., Wakita, N., Okamura, Y., Bando, Y., Suzuki, K., Hara, T., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s10147-026-03055-6
Liu, Z., Wu, J., Lyu, J., Zhou, Z., & Huang, Y. (2026) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2026.07.051
Exosome-Associated Proteins as Mediators and Biomarkers of Ovarian Cancer Dissemination
Shefer, A., Dzhugashvili, E., Чернышова, А. Л., & TAMKOVICH, S. N. (2026) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom16081150
BindingDB (2022) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2h70kn7
BindingDB Entry 50020942: Recent discovery and development of AXL inhibitors as antitumor agents.
BindingDB (2025) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2z89j03
BindingDB (2021) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2n301fs
Metadata
- Authors
- Rankin, E. B., Fuh, K. C., Taylor, T. E., Krieg, A. J., Musser, M., Yuan, J., Wei, K., Kuo, C. J., Longacre, T. A., & Giaccia, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Giaccia, Amato J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cancer Research
- Published
- 2010-09-29
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 7570-7579
- ISSN
- 0008-5472 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7445
- PMC
- PMC3408227
- OpenAlex
- W2132286757
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 11.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (CA116685, P01CA067166, T32CA009151, T32CA09151, F32CA124082, CA 67166, R01CA116685, T32CA009302)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U24DK085532, U01DK085527, U01DK085532)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer Mechanisms and Therapy
- Keywords
- AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, metastatic ovarian cancer, therapeutic target, tumor invasion, matrix metalloproteinase activity, metastasis suppression
- MeSH terms
- Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Growth Arrest-Specific Protein 6, Adenoviridae, Animals, Female, Humans, Mice, Nude, Neoplasm Metastasis, Ovarian Neoplasms, Plasmids, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Signal Transduction, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, RNA, Small Interfering, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
