Spectrum of Mechanisms of Resistance to Crizotinib and Lorlatinib in ROS1 Fusion–Positive Lung Cancer
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Purpose: Current standard initial therapy for advanced, ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase fusion (ROS1)-positive (ROS1+) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is crizotinib or entrectinib. Lorlatinib, a next-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase/ROS1 inhibitor, recently demonstrated efficacy in ROS1+ NSCLC, including in crizotinib-pretreated patients. However, mechanisms of lorlatinib resistance in ROS1+ disease remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed mechanisms of resistance to crizotinib and lorlatinib. Experimental Design: Biopsies from patients with ROS1+ NSCLC progressing on crizotinib or lorlatinib were profiled by genetic sequencing. Results: From 55 patients, 47 post-crizotinib and 32 post-lorlatinib biopsies were assessed. Among 42 post-crizotinib and 28 post-lorlatinib biopsies analyzed at distinct timepoints, ROS1 mutations were identified in 38% and 46%, respectively. ROS1 G2032R was the most commonly occurring mutation in approximately one third of cases. Additional ROS1 mutations included D2033N (2.4%) and S1986F (2.4%) post-crizotinib and L2086F (3.6%), G2032R/L2086F (3.6%), G2032R/S1986F/L2086F (3.6%), and S1986F/L2000V (3.6%) post-lorlatinib. Structural modeling predicted ROS1L2086F causes steric interference to lorlatinib, crizotinib, and entrectinib, while it may accommodate cabozantinib. In Ba/F3 models, ROS1L2086F, ROS1G2032R/L2086F, and ROS1S1986F/G2032R/L2086F were refractory to lorlatinib but sensitive to cabozantinib. A patient with disease progression on crizotinib and lorlatinib and ROS1 L2086F received cabozantinib for nearly 11 months with disease control. Among lorlatinib-resistant biopsies, we also identified MET amplification (4%), KRAS G12C (4%), KRAS amplification (4%), NRAS mutation (4%), and MAP2K1 mutation (4%). Conclusions: ROS1 mutations mediate resistance to crizotinib and lorlatinib in more than one third of cases, underscoring the importance of developing next-generation ROS1 inhibitors with potency against these mutations, including G2032R and L2086F. Continued efforts are needed to elucidate ROS1-independent resistance mechanisms.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Entrectinib was designed to cross the blood-brain barrier, but overall responses were marginal in patients with previous CNS progression (IC-ORR: 11%) and against G2032R.
“Entrectinib was designed to cross the blood-brain barrier, but overall responses were marginal in patients with previous CNS progression (intracranial [IC]-ORR: 11%) and against the most common acquired resistance mutation after crizotinib treatment, G2032R, which occurs in 30% to 40% of patients.8,14,15”
From Taletrectinib in <i>ROS1</i> + Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: TRUST (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
<i>MET</i> Amplification Leads to Gefitinib Resistance in Lung Cancer by Activating ERBB3 Signaling
Engelman, J. A., Zejnullahu, K., Mitsudomi, T., Song, Y., Hyland, C., Park, J. O., Lindeman, N., Gale, C.-M., Zhao, X., Christensen, J., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1141478 · Cited by 4,496 · see citing works
Self-citationGlobal Survey of Phosphotyrosine Signaling Identifies Oncogenic Kinases in Lung Cancer
Rikova, K., Guo, A., Zeng, Q., Possemato, A., Yu, J., Haack, H., Nardone, J., Lee, K., Reeves, C., Li, Y., et al. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.025 · Cited by 2,317 · see citing works
Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT)
Cheng, D. T., Mitchell, T. N., Zehir, A., Shah, R. H., Benayed, R., Syed, A., Chandramohan, R., Liu, Z. Y., Won, H. H., Scott, S. N., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1016/j.jmoldx.2014.12.006 · Cited by 2,119 · see citing works
Crizotinib in <i>ROS1</i>-Rearranged Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Shaw, A. T., Ou, S.-H. I., Bang, Y.-J., Camidge, D. R., Solomon, B. J., Salgia, R., Riely, G. J., Varella-Garcia, M., Shapiro, G. I., Costa, D. B., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1406766 · Cited by 1,964 · see citing works
Self-citationKRAS <sup>G12C</sup> Inhibition with Sotorasib in Advanced Solid Tumors
Hong, D. S., Fakih, M. G., Strickler, J. H., Desai, J., Durm, G. A., Shapiro, G. I., Falchook, G. S., Price, T. J., Sacher, A., Denlinger, C. S., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1917239 · Cited by 1,733 · see citing works
Hallin, J., Engstrom, L. D., Hargis, L., Calinisan, A., Aranda, R., Briere, D. M., Sudhakar, N., Bowcut, V., Baer, B. R., Ballard, J. A., et al. (2020) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1167 · Cited by 1,304 · see citing works
Self-citationGainor, J. F., Dardaei, L., Yoda, S., Friboulet, L., Leshchiner, I., Katayama, R., Dagogo‐Jack, I., Gadgeel, S. M., Schultz, K. R., Singh, M., et al. (2016) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0596 · Cited by 1,158 · see citing works
Self-citationAnchored multiplex PCR for targeted next-generation sequencing
Zheng, Z., Liebers, M. R., Zhelyazkova, B. H., Cao, Y., Panditi, D., Lynch, K. D., Chen, J., Robinson, H. E., Shim, H. S., Chmielecki, J., et al. (2014) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3729 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
Shaw, A. T., Riely, G. J., Bang, Y.-J., Kim, D.-W., Camidge, D. R., Solomon, B. J., Varella-Garcia, M., Iafrate, A. J., Shapiro, G. I., Usari, T., et al. (2019) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdz131 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Self-citationDrilon, A. E. D. C., Siena, S., Dziadziuszko, R., Barlési, F., Krebs, M., Shaw, A. T., de Braud, F., Rolfo, C. D., Ahn, M., Wolf, J., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30690-4 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Self-citationWagle, N., Berger, M. F., Davis, M. J., Blumenstiel, B. S., DeFelice, M. T., Pochanard, P., Ducar, M. D., Hummelen, P. V., MacConaill, L. E., Hahn, W. C., et al. (2011) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-11-0184 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Drilon, A., Ou, S.-H. I., Cho, B. C., Kim, D.-W., Lee, J., Lin, J. J., Zhu, V. W., Ahn, M.-J., Camidge, D. R., Nguyen, J., et al. (2018) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0484 · Cited by 504 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Repotrectinib is a nextgeneration ROS1/TRK inhibitor that has demonstrated preliminary efficacy in ROS1 TKI-na€ ve and TKI-pretreated NSCLC; responses have been observed in patients with baseline ROS1 (39, 40), although the extent and durability of these responses await further Lin et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationDrilon, A. E. D. C., Rekhtman, N., Arcila, M. E., Wang, L., Ni, A., Albano, M., van Voorthuysen, M., Somwar, R., Smith, R. S., Montecalvo, J., et al. (2016) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30562-9 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Self-citationPiotrowska, Z., Isozaki, H., Lennerz, J. K., Gainor, J. F., Lennes, I. T., Zhu, V. W., Marcoux, N., Banwait, M. K., Digumarthy, S. R., Su, W., et al. (2018) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1022 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Self-citationNon–Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 2.2013
Ettinger, D. S., Akerley, W., Borghaei, H., Chang, A. C., Cheney, R. T., Chirieac, L. R., D’Amico, T. A., Demmy, T. L., Govindan, R., Grannis, F. W., et al. (2013) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2013.0084 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Acquired Resistance to Crizotinib from a Mutation in CD74 – ROS1
Awad, M. M., Katayama, R., McTigue, M. A., Liu, W., Deng, Y.-L., Brooun, A., Friboulet, L., Huang, D., Falk, M. D., Timofeevski, S. L., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1215530 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Self-citationSchoenfeld, A. J., Chan, J. M., Kubota, D., Sato, H., Rizvi, H., Daneshbod, Y., Chang, J. C., Paik, P. K., Offin, M., Arcila, M. E., et al. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3563 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Self-citationShaw, A. T., Solomon, B., Chiari, R., Riely, G. J., Besse, B., Soo, R. A., Kao, S. C.-H., Lin, C., Bauer, T. M., Clancy, J. S., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30655-2 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, Y.-L. L. C., Yang, J. C., Kim, D., Lü, S., Zhou, J., Seto, T., Yang, J., Yamamoto, N., Ahn, M., Takahashi, T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2017.75.5587 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Yoda, S., Lin, J. J., Lawrence, M. S., Burke, B. J., Friboulet, L., Langenbucher, A., Dardaei, L., Prutisto-Chang, K., Dagogo-Jack, I., Timofeevski, S., et al. (2018) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-1256 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Self-citationROS1-dependent cancers — biology, diagnostics and therapeutics
Drilon, A. E. D. C., Jenkins, C., Iyer, S. R., Schoenfeld, A. J., Keddy, C., & Davare, M. A. (2020) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-020-0408-9 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Self-citationGainor, J. F., Tseng, D., Yoda, S., Dagogo‐Jack, I., Friboulet, L., Lin, J. J., Hubbeling, H., Dardaei, L., Farago, A. F., Schultz, K. R., et al. (2017) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po.17.00063 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent Advances in Targeting ROS1 in Lung Cancer
Lin, J. J., & Shaw, A. T. (2017) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2017.08.002 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Self-citationResistance Mechanisms to Targeted Therapies in ROS1 + and ALK + Non–small Cell Lung Cancer
McCoach, C. E., Le, A. T., Gowan, K., Jones, K., Schubert, L., Doak, A. E., Estrada‐Bernal, A., Davies, K. D., Merrick, D. T., Bunn, P. A., et al. (2018) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2452 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Lin, J. J., Liu, S. V., McCoach, C. E., Zhu, V. W., Tan, A. C., Yoda, S., Peterson, J., Do, A., Prutisto-Chang, K., Dagogo‐Jack, I., et al. (2020) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.09.015 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Self-citationRecondo, G., Bahcall, M., Spurr, L. F., Che, J., Ricciuti, B., Leonardi, G. C., Lo, Y., Li, Y. Y., Lamberti, G., Nguyen, T. T., et al. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3608 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
MET Alterations Are a Recurring and Actionable Resistance Mechanism in ALK-Positive Lung Cancer
Dagogo‐Jack, I., Yoda, S., Lennerz, J. K., Langenbucher, A., Lin, J. J., Rooney, M. M., Prutisto-Chang, K., Oh, A., Adams, N. A., Yeap, B. Y., et al. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3906 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationCabozantinib Overcomes Crizotinib Resistance in ROS1 Fusion–Positive Cancer
Katayama, R., Kobayashi, Y., Friboulet, L., Lockerman, E. L., Koike, S., Shaw, A. T., Engelman, J. A., & Fujita, N. (2014) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1385 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citationCrizotinib in c-MET- or ROS1-positive NSCLC: results of the AcSé phase II trial
Moro‐Sibilot, D., Cozic, N., Pérol, M., Mazières, J., Otto, J., Souquet, P. J., Bahleda, R., Wislez, M., Zalcman, G., de Guibert, S., et al. (2019) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdz407 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Drilon, A. E. D. C., Somwar, R., Wagner, J. P., Vellore, N. A., Eide, C. A., Zabriskie, M. S., Arcila, M. E., Hechtman, J. F., Wang, L., Smith, R. S., et al. (2015) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2013 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationFacchinetti, F., Loriot, Y., Kuo, M.-S., Mahjoubi, L., Lacroix, L., Planchard, D., Besse, B., Farace, F., Auger, N., Remón, J., et al. (2016) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0917 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Engstrom, L. D., Aranda, R., Lee, M., Tovar, E. A., Essenburg, C. J., Madaj, Z., Chiang, H., Briere, D. M., Hallin, J. F., Lopez-Casas, P. P., et al. (2017) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1192 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Michels, S. Y. F., Massutí, B., Schildhaus, H., Franklin, J. G., Sebastian, M., Felip, E., Grohé, C., Rodríguez‐Abreu, D., Abdulla, D. S. Y., Bischoff, H. G., et al. (2019) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2019.03.020 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Rosen, E. Y., Johnson, M. L., Clifford, S. E., Somwar, R., Kherani, J. F., Son, J., Bertram, A. A., Davare, M. A., Gladstone, E., Ivanova, E. V., et al. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2278 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationSong, A., Kim, T. M., Kim, D., Kim, S., Keam, B., Lee, S., & Heo, D. S. (2015) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1350 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Okada, K., Araki, M., Sakashita, T., Ma, B., Kanada, R., Yanagitani, N., Horiike, A., Koike, S., Oh‐hara, T., Watanabe, K., et al. (2019) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.019 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Structural insight into selectivity and resistance profiles of ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Davare, M. A., Vellore, N. A., Wagner, J. P., Eide, C. A., Goodman, J. R., Drilon, A. E. D. C., Deininger, M. W., O’Hare, T., & Druker, B. J. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1515281112 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationPapadopoulos, K. P., Borazanci, E., Shaw, A. T., Katayama, R., Shimizu, Y., Zhu, V. W., Sun, T. Y., Wakelee, H. A., Madison, R., Schrock, A. B., et al. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1630 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular Analysis of Plasma From Patients With ROS1-Positive NSCLC
Dagogo‐Jack, I., Rooney, M. M., Nagy, R. J., Lin, J. J., Chin, E. N., Ferris, L. A., Ackil, J., Lennerz, J. K., Lanman, R. B., Gainor, J. F., et al. (2019) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2019.01.009 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationTRK xDFG Mutations Trigger a Sensitivity Switch from Type I to II Kinase Inhibitors
Cocco, E., Lee, J. E., Kannan, S., Schram, A. M., Won, H. H., Shifman, S. G., Kulick, A. R., Baldino, L., Toska, E., Arruabarrena-Aristorena, A., et al. (2019) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0571 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationThe promise of selective MET inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer with MET exon 14 skipping
Salgia, R., Sattler, M., Scheele, J., Stroh, C., & Felip, E. (2020) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102022 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Cho, B. C., Drilon, A. E. D. C., Doebele, R. C., Kim, D., Lin, J. J., Lee, J., Ahn, M., Zhu, V. W., Ejadi, S., Camidge, D. R., et al. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.9011 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationSato, H., Schoenfeld, A. J., Siau, E., Lu, Y. C., Tai, H., Suzawa, K., Kubota, D., Lui, A. J. W., Qeriqi, B., Mattar, M. S., et al. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3321 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationEntrectinib resistance mechanisms in ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer
Ku, B. M., Bae, Y. H., Lee, K. Y., Sun, J., Lee, S., Ahn, J. S., Park, K., & Ahn, M. (2019) · Investigational New Drugs · doi:10.1007/s10637-019-00795-3 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Zhu, Y., Lin, X., Li, X., Wu, L., Chen, H., Wang, W., Xu, C., Shen, J., Wei, J., & Du, K. (2017) · Thoracic Cancer · doi:10.1111/1759-7714.12518 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Zhou, Y., Jiang, W., Zeng, L., et al. (2020) · Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.03.019 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- NCCN, 2021, Non-small cell lung cancer (version 4.2021)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Repotrectinib in <i>ROS1</i> Fusion–Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Drilon, A., Camidge, D. R., Lin, J. J., Kim, S.-W., Solomon, B. J., Dziadziuszko, R., Besse, B., Goto, K., de Langen, A. J., Wolf, J., et al. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2302299 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationROS-1 Fusions in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Evidence to Date
Gendarme, S., Bylicki, O., Chouaid, C., & Guisier, F. (2022) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol29020057 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Taletrectinib in <i>ROS1</i> + Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: TRUST
Pérol, M., Li, W., Pennell, N. A., Liu, G., Ohe, Y., De Braud, F., Nagasaka, M., Felip, E., Xiong, A., Zhang, Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco-25-00275 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Drilon, A., Horan, J. C., Tangpeerachaikul, A., Besse, B., Ou, S.-H. I., Gadgeel, S. M., Camidge, D. R., van der Wekken, A. J., Nguyen-Phuong, L., Acker, A., et al. (2023) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0968 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances and future directions in <i>ROS1</i> fusion-positive lung cancer
Boulanger, M. C., Schneider, J. L., & Lin, J. J. (2024) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1093/oncolo/oyae205 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Lin, J. J., Choudhury, N. J., Yoda, S., Zhu, V. W., Johnson, T. W., Sakhtemani, R., Dagogo-Jack, I., Digumarthy, S. R., Lee, C., Do, A., Peterson, J., Prutisto-Chang, K., Malik, W., Hubbeling, H. G., Langenbucher, A., Schoenfeld, A. J., Falcon, C. J., Temel, J. S., Sequist, L. V., Yeap, B. Y., Lennerz, J. K., Shaw, A. T., Lawrence, M. S., Ou, S.-H. I., Hata, A. N., Drilon, A., & Gainor, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Pfizer (United States) (US)
- 1Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gainor, Justin F.
- ORCID
- Lin, Jessica J.
- Choudhury, Noura J.
- Yoda, Satoshi
- Zhu, Viola W.
- Johnson, Ted W.
- Sakhtemani, Ramin
- Digumarthy, Subba R.
- Lee, Charlotte
- Do, Andrew
- Prutisto-Chang, Kylie
- Malik, Wafa
- Hubbeling, Harper G.
- Langenbucher, Adam
- Schoenfeld, Adam J.
- Falcon, Christina J.
- Temel, Jennifer S.
- Sequist, Lecia V.
- Yeap, Beow Y.
- Lennerz, Jochen K.
- Shaw, Alice T.
- Lawrence, Michael S.
- Ou, Sai-Hong Ignatius
- Hata, Aaron N.
- Drilon, Alexander
- Gainor, Justin F.
- Venue
- Clinical Cancer Research
- Published
- 2021-03-08
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2899-2909
- ISSN
- 1078-0432 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-3265
- PMC
- PMC8127383
- OpenAlex
- W3134566625
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 15.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Lung Cancer Research Foundation (R01-CA164273)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Lung Cancer Research Studies
- Keywords
- crizotinib resistance, lorlatinib resistance, ROS1 mutation, cabozantinib, ALK inhibitors, drug resistance mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Crizotinib, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alleles, Aminopyridines, Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Biopsy, Female, Humans, Lactams, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Molecular, Mutation, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Pyrazoles, Structure-Activity Relationship, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Amino Acid Substitution, Cell Line, Tumor, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
