NVL-520 Is a Selective, TRK-Sparing, and Brain-Penetrant Inhibitor of ROS1 Fusions and Secondary Resistance Mutations
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Abstract
ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have been approved (crizotinib and entrectinib) or explored (lorlatinib, taletrectinib, and repotrectinib) for the treatment of ROS1 fusion–positive cancers, although none of them simultaneously address the need for broad resistance coverage, avoidance of clinically dose-limiting TRK inhibition, and brain penetration. NVL-520 is a rationally designed macrocycle with >50-fold ROS1 selectivity over 98% of the kinome tested. It is active in vitro against diverse ROS1 fusions and resistance mutations and exhibits 10- to 1,000-fold improved potency for the ROS1 G2032R solvent-front mutation over crizotinib, entrectinib, lorlatinib, taletrectinib, and repotrectinib. In vivo, it induces tumor regression in G2032R-inclusive intracranial and patient-derived xenograft models. Importantly, NVL-520 has an ∼100-fold increased potency for ROS1 and ROS1 G2032R over TRK. As a clinical proof of concept, NVL-520 elicited objective tumor responses in three patients with TKI-refractory ROS1 fusion–positive lung cancers, including two with ROS1 G2032R and one with intracranial metastases, with no observed neurologic toxicities. Significance: The combined preclinical features of NVL-520 that include potent targeting of ROS1 and diverse ROS1 resistance mutations, high selectivity for ROS1 G2032R over TRK, and brain penetration mark the development of a distinct ROS1 TKI with the potential to surpass the limitations of earlier-generation TKIs for ROS1 fusion–positive patients. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517
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ROS1 fusions are rare genetic events reported in multiple solid tumors, including NSCLC, with prevalence 0.9% to 2.6%.
“These ROS1 fusions are rare genetic events reported in multiple solid tumors, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where the prevalence is 0.9% to 2.6%.1,3-5”
From Taletrectinib in <i>ROS1</i> + Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: TRUST (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
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Evolution of first versus next-line targeted therapies for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
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Self-citationEvolving Therapeutic Landscape of ROS1-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Updated Review
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Self-citationNovel insight into mechanisms of ROS1 catalytic activation via loss of the extracellular domain
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- Authors
- Drilon, A., Horan, J. C., Tangpeerachaikul, A., Besse, B., Ou, S.-H. I., Gadgeel, S. M., Camidge, D. R., van der Wekken, A. J., Nguyen-Phuong, L., Acker, A., Keddy, C., Nicholson, K. S., Yoda, S., Mente, S., Sun, Y., Soglia, J. R., Kohl, N. E., Porter, J. R., Shair, M. D., Zhu, V., Davare, M. A., Hata, A. N., Pelish, H. E., & Lin, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Nuvalent, Inc. (United States) (US)
- Institut Gustave Roussy (FR)
- University of California, Irvine Medical Center (US)
- Henry Ford Health (US)
- University of Colorado Cancer Center (US)
- 7University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pelish, Henry E.
- Lin, Jessica J.
- ORCID
- Drilon, Alexander
- Horan, Joshua C.
- Tangpeerachaikul, Anupong
- Besse, Benjamin
- Ou, Sai-Hong Ignatius
- Gadgeel, Shirish M.
- Camidge, D. Ross
- van der Wekken, Anthonie J.
- Nguyen-Phuong, Linh
- Acker, Adam
- Keddy, Clare
- Nicholson, Katelyn S.
- Yoda, Satoshi
- Mente, Scot
- Sun, Yuting
- Soglia, John R.
- Kohl, Nancy E.
- Porter, James R.
- Shair, Matthew D.
- Zhu, Viola
- Davare, Monika A.
- Hata, Aaron N.
- Pelish, Henry E.
- Lin, Jessica J.
- Venue
- Cancer Discovery
- Published
- 2022-12-13
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 598-615
- ISSN
- 2159-8274 (ISSN-L)
- 2159-8290
- PMC
- PMC9975673
- OpenAlex
- W4311280444
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 8
- FWCI
- 6.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cancer Discovery (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01 CA164273, P30 CA008748)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Cancer Mechanisms and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Keywords
- ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, brain penetration, crizotinib resistance, brain metastases, patient-derived xenografts, neurotoxicity
- MeSH terms
- Aminopyridines, Brain, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Humans, Lactams, Lung Neoplasms, Mutation, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Pyrazoles, Lactams, Macrocyclic, Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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