The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Acute and Chronic Effects of Caffeine on Performance, Mood, Headache, and Sleep
Abstract
Despite being the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world, there is considerable confusion regarding the effects of caffeine. This study examined objective indices of performance, and self-reported mood, headache, and sleep in 36 healthy male and female habitual caffeine consumers exposed to a pattern of moderate intake. A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design with counterbalancing was employed in which all subjects participated in four experimental conditions involving the ingestion of placebo or caffeine 3 times daily for 6 days followed by a 7th (challenge) day of placebo or caffeine ingestion. No evidence was found that caffeine improved performance, either in the context of acute or habitual use. On the contrary, performance was found to be significantly impaired when caffeine was withdrawn abruptly following habitual use. Participants reported feeling more alert and less tired following acute ingestion of caffeine, but feeling less alert in conjunction with chronic exposure to the drug. In addition, caffeine withdrawal was associated with reported increases in frequency and severity of headache, and with reports of sleeping longer and more soundly.
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“Given the limited number of studies [32,37,40,46,52] in which caffeine was administered over several days, there were insuf fi cient data to determine whether the effect of caffeine was altered with repeated exposure.”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“The impact of caffeine appears to be greater under conditions that would negatively impact performance, such as acute caffeine withdrawal (74–76) or sleep deprivation (71, 77).”
From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [74]
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Metadata
- Authors
- James, J. E.
- Affiliations
- La Trobe University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- James, Jack E.
- ORCID
- James, Jack E.
- Venue
- Neuropsychobiology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 32-41
- ISSN
- 0302-282X (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0224
- OpenAlex
- W2068463957
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- caffeine, acute caffeine ingestion, cognitive performance, mood, alertness, fatigue, caffeine withdrawal, headache, sleep, sleep quality
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Affect, Analysis of Variance, Caffeine, Chronic Disease, Female, Headache, Humans, Male, Memory, Models, Psychological, Psychomotor Performance, Reference Values, Saliva, Sleep, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Chi-Square Distribution, Sex Distribution, Cross-Over Studies
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