Suppression of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression by lnterleukin-1-Beta in the Rat: Implications for Nonthyroidal Illness
Abstract
Nonthyroidal illness is characterized by low thyroid hormone levels and inappropriately normal or decreased TSH levels. To determine whether the hypothalamus contributes to these responses, TRH gene expression in hypophysiotropic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was investigated using semiquantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry in an animal model of nonthyroidal illness. Following the systemic administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 250 µg/100 g BW), plasma T 4, T 3 and TSH were reduced but this was not associated with an increase in the content of proTRH mRNA in the PVN as occurs when plasma T 4 and T 3 concentrations fall during primary hypothyroidism. Constant infusion of human interleukin-1β (IL-1β) into the cerebrospinal fluid also reduced plasma T 4 concentration. This persisted for the duration of the infusion but TSH was only suppressed after 7 days of infusion when body weight had declined. By 24 h, the content of proTRH mRNA in the PVN in IL-1β infused animals was significantly reduced from control values. These studies indicate that the peripheral administration of endotoxin or central administration of IL-1β in the rat is associated with a proTRH mRNA content in the PVN that may be inappropriately normal or reduced for the level of circulating thyroid hormone. We propose that the inability of hypophysiotropic neurons to induce TRH gene expression in nonthyroidal illness, when circulating thyroid hormone levels are low, is one of several factors that contributes to the inability of the anterior pituitary to increase its secretion of TSH.
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Reduced hypothalamic TRH expression, portal serum TRH and pituitary TSH content have been observed both in NTIS patients and NTIS animal models.
“Indeed, reduced hypothalamic TRH expression, portal serum TRH and pituitary TSH content have been observed both in NTIS patients [65] and NTIS animal models [12, 19, 66, 67].”
From An update on non-thyroidal illness syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [67]
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- Authors
- Kakucska, I., Romero, L. I., Clark, B. D., Rondeel, J. M. M., Qi, Y., Alex, S., Emerson, C. H., & Lechan, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Tufts Medical Center (US)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Venue
- Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2008-04-08
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 129-137
- ISSN
- 0028-3835 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0194
- OpenAlex
- W1979796052
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01dk027850-09)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 37021, DK-27850)
- Division of Chemistry
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- low T3 syndrome, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, IL-1β, paraventricular nucleus, TSH secretion, lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin, thyroid hormones, anterior pituitary, hypothalamus, cerebrospinal fluid infusion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Disease Models, Animal, Interleukin-1, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus, RNA, Messenger, Thyrotropin, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Gene Expression, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, In Situ Hybridization, Rats
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