Favourable Influences of Linoleic Acid on the Progression of Diabetic Micro- and Macroangiopathy
Abstract
A long-term study of two diets on the progression of diabetic retinopathy was performed on 102 patients. Diet 1 was composed of carbohydrates 50 cal%, saturated fats 35 cal%, proteins 15 cal%; diet 2, of carbohydrates 45 cal%, fats 40 cal% (are third linoleic acid) and proteins 15 cal%. The linoleic acid content of diet 2 was 4 times that of diet 1. The diabetics were matched 2 by 2 according to 10 criteria and set at random on one of the two diets. During the observation period of 5 years, 3 patients of diet 1 died of a heart infarction. Of the remaining 96 patients (51 males and 44 females); of diet group 1 (linoleic acid poor), 62% of the males and 55% of the females showed retinopathy. Of diet group 2 (linoleic acid rich), 27% of the males and 32% of the females showed retinopathy (p < 0.00l). A strong inverse correlation was found between progression of retinopathy and serum cholesteryl linoleate. Of diet group 1, 11 males and 7 females showed signs of cardiac ischaemia, of diet group 2, 3 males and 2 females (p < 0.025) did so. Large differences were seen for the GTTs and corresponding insulin levels between males and females. While the females of diet group 2 improved remarkably in respect of GTTs and reactive serum insulins, a slow deterioration of both parameters was seen for diet group 1. Regarding the males, no differences between the two diet groups were seen. The improvements due to the treatment were similar. The serum lipid responses were significant for the fe…
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Other reports in the analysis by Houtsmuller et al. (34), (35) have reported cardiovascular outcomes.
“Although other reports in the analysis by Houtsmuller et al.(34), (35) have reported cardiovascular outcomes, the definition or criteria for cardiac ischemia were not provided.”
From Saturated Fat Restriction for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2025) · cites this paper as [34]
A statistically significant difference in glucose levels was observed between the 2 groups only among female patients (34).
“Furthermore, a statistically significant difference in glucose levels was observed between the 2 groups only among female patients (34).”
From Saturated Fat Restriction for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2025) · cites this paper as [34]
The definition or criteria for cardiac ischemia were not provided in Houtsmuller et al. (34), (35).
“Although other reports in the analysis by Houtsmuller et al.(34), (35) have reported cardiovascular outcomes, the definition or criteria for cardiac ischemia were not provided.”
From Saturated Fat Restriction for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2025) · cites this paper as [34]
Hooper et al. included several studies that were not eligible for inclusion in our analysis.
“Although the authors described the literature search strategy, they included several studies that were not eligible for inclusion in our analysis (Table 2) (32), (33), (34), (35), (36), (37), (38).”
From Saturated Fat Restriction for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2025) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Houtsmuller, A. J., van Hal-Ferwerda, J., Zahn, K. J., & Henkes, H. E.
- Affiliations
- Rotterdam Eye Hospital (NL)
- Venue
- Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 1980
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- Suppl. 1
- Pages
- 105-118
- ISSN
- 0250-6807 (ISSN-L)
- 1421-9697
- OpenAlex
- W2038740530
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Aldose Reductase and Taurine
- Keywords
- linoleic acid, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic microangiopathy, diabetic macroangiopathy, dietary fat composition, myocardial ischemia, glucose tolerance, insulin response, sex differences, platelet aggregation, serum lipids, dietary intervention
- MeSH terms
- Coronary Disease, Diabetic Angiopathies, Diet, Diabetic, Diabetic Retinopathy, Dietary Fats, Female, Humans, Linoleic Acids, Male, Myocardial Infarction
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