Cytokines and Sleep
Abstract
Infectious challenges induce sleep responses in the host characterized by an increase in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) followed by a period of decreased NREMS. Such sleep responses represent one facet of the acute phase response and are thus probably beneficial to the host. Certain bacterial cell wall products such as lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan and viral double-stranded RNA also induce sleep responses. These microbial products share the ability to enhance cytokine production. Some cytokines such as interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, interferon-α and acidic fibroblast growth factor are somnogenic. Cytokines in turn alter production of neuroendocrines and neurotransmitters, e.g., growth hormone releasing hormone and nitric oxide, which are known to be involved in sleep-wake regulation. Microbial-altered sleep thus likely involves an amplification of ongoing normal sleep regulatory mechanisms.
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In rats, the NREM sleep-increasing effects of IL-1 occur only within a small dose-window: lower doses increase NREM sleep without fever; higher doses accompanied by fever increase and fragment NREM but decrease REM sleep; even higher doses decrease both.
“in rats, NREM sleep-increasing effects of IL-1 occur only within a small dose-window: lower doses of IL-1 increase NREM sleep without inducing fever; higher doses of IL-1 accompanied by fever increase and fragment NREM but decrease REM sleep; and even higher doses decrease both (412)”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [300]
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- Authors
- Krueger, J. M., & Majde, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
- Office of Naval Research (US)
- Venue
- International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2009-09-04
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 97-100
- ISSN
- 1018-2438 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0097
- OpenAlex
- W1979871716
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 0.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Archives of Allergy and Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-27250, NS-31453, NS-25378, R01NS031453, R01NS027250, R01NS025378)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- cytokines, sleep, NREM sleep, acute phase response, lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, viral double-stranded RNA, interleukin-1, TNF-α, interferon-alpha, acidic fibroblast growth factor, growth hormone-releasing hormone, nitric oxide, sleep-wake regulation, neuroendocrine regulation, neurotransmitters
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacterial Infections, Humans, Interleukin-1, Sleep, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Virus Diseases, Cytokines
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