Fetal growth retardation in rats from different levels of hypoxia
Abstract
Three groups of pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to 3 different levels of hypoxia: 11.6, 10.7 and 9.0%, respectively. Pair-fed and ad libitum fed control groups were included to control for the reduced food intake due to hypoxia. Within the range studied, fetal body weights decreased with decreased oxygen availability. Liver weights were more, brain weights less markedly reduced than body weights. Pair-fed but normally oxygenated animals showed slight reductions in body and organ weights compared to ad libitum fed controls. The fetuses subjected to hypoxia showed a placental hypertrophy relative to their body weights, while the least hypoxic fetuses showed an absolute placental hypertrophy. Placenta-fetal body ratios that were 150% greater than those observed in control animals were documented. In contrast, the fetuses of food-deprived animals were associated with abnormally small placentas.
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Fetal Nicotine or Cocaine Exposure: Which One is Worse?
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MethodAntenatal environmental stress and maturation of the breathing control, experimental data
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Hypertension Programmed in Adult Hens by Isolated Effects of Developmental Hypoxia In Ovo
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“Some studies have attempted to control for hypoxia-induced reductions in maternal food intake by using a separate group of pair-fed animals.(31,32,34) However, this only gives an indication of the combined effects of undernutrition and hypoxia, compared with undernutrition alone.”
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“Indeed, the body weight reduction of offspring at birth is thought to reflect intrauterine growth retardation due to maternal exposure to hypoxia itself, rather than to restricted maternal food intake (De Grauw et al., 1986; Lueder et al., 1995).”
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“…programming effect has been shown previously in terms of the anatomical effect of relative brain sparing coupled with general growth retardation (de Grauw et al. 1986) and also by the studies of Williams et al. (2005a,b), which showed altered vascular responsiveness to both vasoconstrictors and…”
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“For instance, maternal chronic experimental hypoxia in rats slows fetal growth but it also reduces maternal food intake (De Grauw et al. 1986).”
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“…of maternal undernutrition (Julian et al., 2009), and because chronic maternal hypoxia in experimental animals also reduces maternal food intake (de Grauw et al., 1986), whether the associated adrenocortical blunting is owing to fetal underoxygenation or undernutrition again remains uncertain.”
Hypobaric Hypoxia as a Tool to Study Pregnancy-Dependent Responses at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
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The impact of maternal hyper-oxygenation on foeto-placental blood flow
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“demonstrated that exposure of pregnant rats to hypoxic conditions led to a reduction in foetal weight [1], whilst a similar finding in sheep was also observed by Jacobs et al.”
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MicroRNA expression profile in intrauterine hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypoplasia in rats
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“A number of studies have demonstrated that hypoxic exposure during development may lead to lung injury; however, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated (3,4).”
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“Disruption in oxygen supply to the embryo can significantly impair energy metabolism, leading to growth retardation [32–35].”
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Effects of a postnatal high-salt diet on cardiac function in offspring from hypoxic pregnancies
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“Since a maternal low oxygen environment is known to reduce maternal food consumption (de Grauw et al. 1986; Ream et al. 2008) it has been suggested that undernutrition rather than hypoxia may be responsible for the growth restriction observed in programming models using hypoxia as the insult.”
BackgroundThe effects of hypoxia on female reproductive system diseases
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- Authors
- de Grauw, T. J., Myers, R. E., & Scott, W. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- ORCID
- Myers, Ronald E.
- Venue
- Biology of the Neonate
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2009-09-24
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 85-89
- ISSN
- 0006-3126 (ISSN-L)
- 1421-9727
- OpenAlex
- W2090559563
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 7.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biology of the Neonate (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Keywords
- fetal growth restriction, hypoxia, oxygen availability, placental hypertrophy, fetal weight, organ weight, food deprivation, pair feeding, pregnancy, Wistar rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Hypoxia, Female, Fetal Hypoxia, Fetal Growth Retardation, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Rats, Inbred Strains, Rats
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