The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clinical Criteria for the Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease
Open accessAbstract
The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) follows the UK Brain Bank Criteria, which demands bradykinesia and one additional symptom, i.e. rigidity, resting tremor or postural instability. The latter is not a useful sign for the early diagnosis of PD, because it does not appear before Hoehn and Yahr stage 3. Early symptoms of PD which precede the onset of motor symptoms are hyposmia, REM sleep behavioral disorder, constipation, and depression. In addition, an increasing number of patients whose PD is related to a genetic defect are being described. Thus, genetic testing may eventually develop into a tool to identify at-risk patients. The clinical diagnosis of PD can be supported by levodopa or apomorphine tests. Imaging studies such as cranial CT or MRI are helpful to distinguish idiopathic PD from atypical or secondary PD. SPECT and PET methods are valuable to distinguish PD tremor from essential tremor if this is clinically not possible. Using all of these methods, we may soon be able to make a premotor diagnosis of PD, which will raise the question whether early treatment is possible and ethically and clinically advisable.
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“Occasionally, the tremor involves the legs and other tremor types may occur (Reichmann 2010).”
From The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (2016) · cites this paper as Reichmann 2010
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- 10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970042-0 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016%2Fj.expneurol.2009.03.002 · DOI
- 10.1001%2Fjama.284.15.1931 · DOI
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The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Sveinbjornsdottir, S. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13691 · Cited by 1,410
“Occasionally, the tremor involves the legs and other tremor types may occur (Reichmann 2010).”
BackgroundDeMaagd, G. A., & Philip, A. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 570
Gut Microbiota Differs Between Parkinson’s Disease Patients and Healthy Controls in Northeast China
Li, C., Cui, L., Yang, Y., Miao, J., Zhao, X., Zhang, J., Cui, G., & Zhang, Y. (2019) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00171 · Cited by 178
“The motor symptoms include bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability (Reichmann, 2010).”
BackgroundRetinal Microvascular Impairment in the Early Stages of Parkinson's Disease
Kwapong, W. R., Ye, H., Peng, C., Zhuang, X., Wang, J., Shen, M., & Lü, F. (2018) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.17-23230 · Cited by 135
Retinal thinning and correlation with functional disability in patients with Parkinson's disease
Satué, M., Seral, M., Otín, S., Alarcia, R., Herrero, R., BAMBO, M., FUERTES, M., Pablo, L. E., & García‐Martín, E. (2013) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304152 · Cited by 130
Metadata
- Authors
- Reichmann, H.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Reichmann, Heinz
- ORCID
- Reichmann, Heinz
- Venue
- Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 284-290
- ISSN
- 1660-2854 (ISSN-L)
- 1660-2862
- OpenAlex
- W2080778120
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurodegenerative Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, diagnosis, bradykinesia, postural instability, REM sleep behavior disorder, hyposmia, constipation, depression, genetic testing, apomorphine test, SPECT, PET, essential tremor, atypical Parkinson's disease
- MeSH terms
- Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Movement, Parkinson Disease, Point-of-Care Systems, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Early Diagnosis
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