Chlorthalidone for Poorly Controlled Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease: An Interventional Pilot Study
Open accessAbstract
To test the hypothesis that thiazide-type diuretics effectively lower blood pressure (BP) in moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD; estimated GFR 20-45 ml/min/ 1.73 m 2), after confirming poorly controlled hypertension with 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, chlorthalidone was added to existing medications in a dose of 25 mg/day, and the dose doubled every 4 weeks if the BP remained elevated. The average age of the 14 subjects was 67.5 years, a median of 4 antihypertensive drugs were used and estimated GFR was 26.8 ± 8.8 ml/min/1.73 m 2. Twelve subjects completed the 12-week treatment phase, and the 24-hour BP, which was 143.1/75.1 mm Hg at baseline, was reduced by 10.5/ 3.1 mm Hg (p = 0.01/p = 0.17). Home BP prior to initiating chlorthalidone was 152.4/82.6 mm Hg and fell at 4, 8, and 12 weeks by 10.2/4.8, 13.4/6.0, and 9.4/3.7 mm Hg (all p < 0.05). Maximal reduction in body weight and total body volume (measured by air displacement plethysmography) was seen at 8 weeks, concurrent with the maximal elevation in serum creatinine concentration and plasma renin activity. Albuminuria was significantly reduced by 40-45%. Adverse events were seen following chlorthalidone therapy in 7 subjects who experienced 18 events as follows: hypokalemia (n = 4), hyperuricemia (4), hyponatremia (3), transient creatinine changes (3), dizziness (2), hyperglycemia (1), and constipation (1). One subject had ischemic stroke during the study. In conclusion, among people with moderate to advanced CKD with poorly controlled hypertension, chlorthalidone may significantly reduce BP via volume contraction; a randomized trial is needed to define the risks and benefits. Adverse effects may occur within a few weeks and should be carefully monitored.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics are appropriate down to an eGFR of 25 to 30 mL⋅min−1⋅1.73 m−2.
“Thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics are appropriate down to an eGFR of 25 to 30 mL⋅min−1⋅1.73 m−2.364”
From Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2018) · cites this paper as [364]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
A New Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate
Levey, A. S., Stevens, L. A., Schmid, C. H., Zhang, Y. (., Castro, A. F., Feldman, H. I., Kusek, J. W., Eggers, P., Van Lente, F., Greene, T., et al. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006 · Cited by 25,603 · see citing works
Chobanian, A. V., Bakris, G. L., Black, H. R., Cushman, W. C., Green, L. A., Izzo, J. L., Jones, D. W., Materson, B. J., Oparil, S., Wright, J. T., et al. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000107251.49515.c2 · Cited by 13,271 · see citing works
O'Brien, E., Asmar, R., Beilin, L., Imai, Y., Mallion, J.-M., Mancia, G., Mengden, T., Myers, M., Padfield, P., Palatini, P., et al. (2003) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200305000-00001 · Cited by 1,655 · see citing works
Prevalence of High Blood Pressure and Elevated Serum Creatinine Level in the United States
Coresh, J., Wei, G. L., McQuillan, G. M., Brancati, F., Levey, A. S., Jones, C. A., & Klag, M. J. (2001) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.161.9.1207 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Effects of Dietary Sodium and Hydrochlorothiazide on the Antiproteinuric Efficacy of Losartan
Vogt, L., Waanders, F., Boomsma, F., de Zeeuw, D., & Navis, G. J. (2008) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2007060693 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Fliser, D., Schröter, M., Neubeck, M., & Ritz, E. (1994) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1994.298 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Diuretic potency of combined hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide therapy in patients with azotemia
Wollam, G. L., Tarazi, R. C., Bravo, E. L., & Dustan, H. P. (1982) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(82)90854-3 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Role of excess volume in the pathophysiology of hypertension in chronic kidney disease
Vasavada, N., & Agarwal, R. (2003) · Kidney International · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00273.x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationKnauf, H., & Mutschler, E. (1995) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00005344-199509000-00008 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Dussol, B., Moussi‐Francès, J., Morange, S., Somma-Delpéro, C., MUNDLER, O., & Berland, Y. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00564.x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Dussol, B., Moussi‐Francès, J., Morange, S., Somma-Delpéro, C., MUNDLER, O., & Berland, Y. (2004) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfh650 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Analyzing Change: A Primer on Multilevel Models with Applications to Nephrology
Holden, J. E., Kelley, K., & Agarwal, R. (2008) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000131102 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationThiazide diuretics in advanced chronic kidney disease
Agarwal, R., & Sinha, A. D. (2012) · Journal of the American Society of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.jash.2012.07.004 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationLisinopril therapy for hemodialysis hypertension: Hemodynamic and endocrine responses
Agarwal, R., Lewis, R. R., Davis, J. L., & Becker, B. (2001) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/ajkd.2001.29221 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Agarwal R, Lewis RR, Davis JL, Becker B: Lisinopril therapy for hemodialysis hyperten- sion -hemodynamic and endocrine respons- es. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 38: 1245-1250.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Carey, R. M., Calhoun, D. A., Bakris, G. L., Brook, R. D., Daugherty, S. L., Dennison-Himmelfarb, C. R., Egan, B. M., Flack, J. M., Gidding, S. S., Judd, E., et al. (2018) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hyp.0000000000000084 · Cited by 1,153 · see citing works
Diabetes and hypertension: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association
de Boer, I. H., Bangalore, S., Benetos, A., Davis, A. M., Michos, E. D., Muntner, P., Rossing, P., Zoungas, S., & Bakris, G. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci17-0026 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Chlorthalidone for Hypertension in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Agarwal, R., Sinha, A. D., Cramer, A. E., Balmes-Fenwick, M., Dickinson, J. H., Ouyang, F., & Tu, W. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2110730 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Self-citationThe double challenge of resistant hypertension and chronic kidney disease
Rossignol, P., Massy, Z. A., Azizi, M., Bakris, G., Ritz, E., Covic, A., Goldsmith, D., Heine, G. H., Jager, K. J., Kanbay, M., et al. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00418-3 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Hoorn, E. J., & Ellison, D. H. (2016) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.08.027 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Pareek, A., Messerli, F. H., Chandurkar, N. B., Dharmadhikari, S. K., Godbole, A. V., Kshirsagar, P., Agarwal, M., Sharma, K. H., Mathur, S., & Kumbla, M. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.10.083 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Resistant Hypertension in People With CKD: A Review
Fay, K., & Cohen, D. L. (2020) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.04.017 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Management of hypertension in chronic kidney disease
Townsend, R. R., & Taler, S. J. (2015) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2015.114 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Swenson, E. R. (2014) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-014-0467-3 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Bovée, D. M., Visser, W. J., Middel, I. R., Egmond, A. M. E. D. M.-V., Greupink, R., Masereeuw, R., Rüssel, F. G. M., Danser, A. H. J., Zietse, R., & Hoorn, E. J. (2020) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2019090905 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Moes, A. D., Hesselink, D. A., van den Meiracker, A. H., Zietse, R., & Hoorn, E. J. (2017) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.12.017 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Detection, evaluation, and treatment of severe and resistant hypertension
White, W. B., Turner, J. R., Sica, D. A., Bisognano, J. D., Calhoun, D. A., Townsend, R. R., Aronow, H. D., Bhatt, D. L., & Bakris, G. L. (2014) · Journal of the American Society of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.jash.2014.06.005 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Loop Diuretics in the Treatment of Hypertension
Malha, L. P., & Mann, S. J. (2016) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-016-0636-7 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Kobayashi, M., Pitt, B., Ferreira, J. P., Rossignol, P., Girerd, N., & Zannad, F. M. (2025) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf225 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Chronic hyperkalemia in non-dialysis CKD: controversial issues in nephrology practice
Nicola, L. D., Lullo, L. D., Paoletti, E., Cupisti, A., & Bianchi, S. (2018) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s40620-018-0502-6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The Forgotten Antiproteinuric Properties of Diuretics
Trujillo, H., Caravaca‐Fontán, F., Caro, J., Morales, E., & Praga, M. (2021) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000517020 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Thiazide Diuretics in Chronic Kidney Disease
Sinha, A. D., & Agarwal, R. (2015) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-014-0525-x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances in treatment of hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease
Sarafidis, P. A., Georgianos, P. I., & Bakris, G. L. (2015) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.1083977 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Treatment of Disorders of Sodium Balance in Chronic Kidney Disease
Ellison, D. H. (2017) · Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease · doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2017.07.003 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
KDOQI US Commentary on the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guideline
Kramer, H., Townsend, R., Griffin, K., Flynn, J., Weiner, D., Rocco, M., Choi, M. J., Weir, M., Chang, T., Agarwal, R., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.01.007 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationKohagura, K., Tana, T., Higa, A., Yamazato, M., Ishida, A., Nagahama, K., Sakima, A., Iseki, K., & Ohya, Y. (2016) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2016.37 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Recent Advances in the Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetic Kidney Diseases
Huang, W., Chen, Y., Li, Z., He, F., & Zhang, C. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231810882 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Edwards, C., Hundemer, G. L., Petrcich, W., Canney, M., Knoll, G. A., Burns, K. D., Bugeja, A. L., & Sood, M. M. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.23365 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Tolerability of Antihypertensive Medications in Older Adults
Dharmarajan, T. S., & Dharmarajan, L. (2015) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.1007/s40266-015-0296-3 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Diuretics in patients with chronic kidney disease
Agarwal, R., Verma, A., & Georgianos, P. I. (2025) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-024-00918-x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationВладимировна, А. А., Анатольевна, С. О., Blinova, N. V., Danilov, N. M., Elfimova, E. M., Кislyak, O. A., Litvin, A. Y., Ощепкова, Е. В., Fomin, V. V., Михайловна, Ч. Н., et al. (2021) · Terapevticheskii arkhiv · doi:10.26442/00403660.2021.09.201007 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hypertension Management in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Patney, V., Whaley‐Connell, A. T., & Bakris, G. L. (2015) · Diabetes Spectrum · doi:10.2337/diaspect.28.3.175 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Jo, W., Koh, E. S., & Chung, S. (2023) · Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1186/s40885-023-00238-5 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Special Article - The management of resistant hypertension: A 2020 update
Carey, R. M. (2020) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.08.001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Chang, T. I., Evans, G. W., Cheung, A. K., Cushman, W. C., Diamond, M. J., Dwyer, J. P., Huan, Y., Kitzman, D. W., Kostis, J. B., Oparil, S., et al. (2016) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06851 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Teles, F., Coelho, J. A. P. D. M., Albino, R. M., Pacheco, F. C. V., Oliveira, E. R., Silveira, M. A. D., Feitosa, A. D. M., & Bezerra, R. (2023) · Renal Failure · doi:10.1080/0886022x.2022.2163903 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Novel approaches to management of hyperkalaemia in kidney transplantation
Rizk, J. G., Quan, D. J., Gabardi, S., Rizk, Y., & Kalantar‐Zadeh, K. (2020) · Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.1097/mnh.0000000000000657 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Resistant Hypertension Updated Guidelines
Chernova, I., & Krishnan, N. (2019) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-019-1209-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Thiazides in advanced chronic kidney disease
Sinha, A. D., & Agarwal, R. (2015) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/hco.0000000000000188 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationResistant Hypertension: Where are We Now and Where Do We Go from Here?
Pathan, M. K., & Cohen, D. L. (2020) · Integrated Blood Pressure Control · doi:10.2147/ibpc.s223334 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Revisiting diuretic choice in chronic kidney disease
Ali, S., Navaneethan, S. D., Virani, S. S., & Gregg, L. P. (2022) · Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.1097/mnh.0000000000000814 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Bakris, G. L., Zhao, L., Kupfer, S., Juhász, A., Hisada, M., Lloyd, E., & Oparil, S. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.13230 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
White, W. B., Bisognano, J. D., Calhoun, D. A., Townsend, R. R., Aronow, H. D., Bhatt, D. L., & Bakris, G. L. (2014) · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Design and Baseline Characteristics of the Chlorthalidone in Chronic Kidney Disease (CLICK) Trial
Agarwal, R., Cramer, A. E., Balmes-Fenwick, M., Sinha, A. D., Ouyang, F., & Tu, W. (2020) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000508700 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationMisconceptions and Facts About Treating Hypertension
Argulian, E., Grossman, E., & Messerli, F. H. (2014) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.11.015 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hypertension Management in Transition: From CKD to ESRD.
Valika, A., & Peixoto, A. (2016) · Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease · doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2016.02.002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Thiazides are useful agents in CKD
Sinha, A. D., & Agarwal, R. (2016) · Journal of the American Society of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.jash.2016.02.006 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationSpironolactone and chlorthalidone—old drugs, new uses—but approach with caution
Agarwal, R. (2021) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfab328 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationHipertensión arterial en la enfermedad renal crónica
Arroyo, D., Quiroga, B., & de la Fuente, G. D. A. (2019) · Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado · doi:10.1016/j.med.2019.06.003 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Patney, V., Chaudhary, K. R., & Whaley‐Connell, A. T. (2018) · Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease · doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2017.11.002 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Recent Synthetic Advancements of C(3)‐Substituted Isoindolinones
Samandram, R., Krishnamoorthy, R., Jayaraj, P., Dhanasekaran, S., & Anaikutti, P. (2025) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.202501272 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Jayaraj, P., Krishnamoorthy, R., Adhikari, P., Singh, M., Rajamanickam, S., Dhillon, D., Muthukumaran, J., & Anaikutti, P. (2025) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.202500106 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ob, K., Викторович, Ж. В., Landar, L. N., & Salova, O. A. (2019) · Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) · doi:10.24884/1561-6274-2019-23-1-37-44 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Optimizing Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitor Use in CKD
Chang, T. I., & Lerma, E. V. (2021) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.12950921 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Diuretics in chronic kidney disease
Diadyk, A. I., Тарадин, Г. Г., Suliman, Y. V., Zborovskyy, S. R., & Merkuriev, V. I. (2020) · The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-1-10-20 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Review – current opinion in cardiology hypertension in chronic kidney disease
Alqudsi, M., Hiremath, S. S., & Velez, J. C. Q. (2020) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/hco.0000000000000758 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapy of hypertension in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease
Loutradis, C., & Sarafidis, P. A. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1726318 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Pham, N.-Y. T., Owen, J., Singh, N., & Shaffi, S. K. (2021) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000000404 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Moke, E. G., Ekuerhare, B. E., Enaohwo, M., Asiwe, J. N., Ofulue, O. O., Umukoro, E. K., & Isibor, N. P. (2022) · Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics · doi:10.22270/jddt.v12i3-s.5372 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hypertension Treatment for Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Sinha, A. D., & Agarwal, R. (2014) · Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports · doi:10.1007/s12170-014-0400-y · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationHyperkalemia and Hypertension Post Organ Transplantation – A Management Challenge
Hamrahian, S. M., & Fülöp, T. (2020) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2020.06.021 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Turkish Society of Cardiology Consensus Paper on Evaluation and Treatment of Resistant Hypertension
Şahinarslan, A. (2020) · The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2020.74154 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ahmed, N., Martinelli, A. N., & Kiruthi, C. (2015) · Side effects of drugs annual · doi:10.1016/bs.seda.2015.08.003 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Carter, B. L., & Ernst, M. E. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-42973-3.00022-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Approach to Difficult to Manage Primary Hypertension
Sorrentino, M. J., & Bakris, G. L. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-42973-3.00030-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Management of Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease
Cohen, J. B., & Townsend, R. R. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6436-9_10 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Lucey, J. M., King, A. E., Hammond, D. A., & Nemecek, B. D. (2019) · ASHP eBooks · doi:10.37573/9781585285525.004 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Khabibulina, М., Bazhenova, O. V., & Артемов, Д. В. (2025) · Vrach · doi:10.29296/25877305-2025-11-09 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mann, S. J., & Ernst, M. E. (2015) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-015-0542-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease Including Dialysis
Dhaybi, O. A., & Bakris, G. L. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88369-6.00035-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Vea, K. D., Nguyen, L.-A., McGill, K., Park, J. C., & Selevan, D. C. (2024) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/23.143 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Optimizing Nephron Performance: The Old, the New, and the New–Old Diuretic Therapies
Fuchs, F. D., Procianoy, G. S., Bottino, L. G., Fuchs, S. C. P. C., & Whelton, P. K. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13061413 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
American Society of Hypertension Scientific Statements Addressing Resistant Hypertension
Turner, J. R., & Lee, J. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12617 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lin, H. Y., Chang, Y.-H., Wang, Y., Liang, P., Hung, C., Chang, J., Dai, D., Lin, C., & Chang, K. (2023) · Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore · doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v52n10p510 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Management of Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease
Rahman, M., Drawz, P. E., Thomas, G., & Turner, J. M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815876-0.00061-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Azizi, M., Lorthioir, A., & Amar, L. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88369-6.00047-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jawale, J. B., Yuwanati, M. B., Baskaran, S., Mullainathan, S. M., & Anaikutti, P. (2025) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.153236 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kumari, U., Kaka, M., Abbas, F., Rai, A., Kumari, S., Wazir, H. U., & Surani, S. (2026) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v18.i2.112956 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hypertension in CKD: Sodium Still at the Nexus
Yee, J. (2015) · Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease · doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2015.03.004 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yee, J. (2017) · Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease · doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2017.08.002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
33 – Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease
Sternlicht, H. K., & Bakris, G. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-42973-3.00033-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Resistant hypertension: a dangerous and challenging clinical situation
O’Connell, J. L., Guedes, N. R., Farina, P. H. R., Silva, G., Roever, L., & de Almeida, R. P. (2019) · MOJ Gerontology & Geriatrics · doi:10.15406/mojgg.2019.04.00207 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bobrie, G., Amar, L., Faucon, A., Madjalian, A.-M., & Azizi, M. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-42973-3.00043-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Goldman, J. M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83082-3_7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Majewski, C., & Bakris, G. L. (2019) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27316-7_5-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Management of hypertension in advanced kidney disease
Georgianos, P. I., & Agarwal, R. (2022) · Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.1097/mnh.0000000000000812 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, H. Y., Chang, Y.-H., Wang, Y., Liang, P., Hung, C., Chang, J., Dai, D., Lin, C., & Chang, K. (2023) · Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore · doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.202359 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Use of Thiazides to Treat Hypertension and Advanced CKD
Priamvada, G. S., Divyadarshini, D. S., & Voora, R. A. (2022) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-022-01817-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Manolis, A. J. (2020) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.734299250.793571584 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Differenzialtherapie der Hypertonie mit Diuretika
Tölle, M. (2017) · CardioVasc · doi:10.1007/s15027-017-1074-4
Majewski, C., & Bakris, G. L. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27316-7_5-1
Роль діуретиків у лікуванні АГ: фокус на хлорталідон (лекція)
Sirenko, Y. (2021) · HYPERTENSION · doi:10.22141/2224-1485.14.2.2021.231853
[Hypoparathyroidism--classification, differential diagnosis, and therapy].
Honjo, A., Suematsu, T., Kuroda, M., & Takeda, R. (1982) · PubMed
Blood Pressure Management in the Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease
Muntner, P., Cushman, W. C., & Lerma, E. V. (2022) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.13040921
Majewski, C., & Bakris, G. L. (2020) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36694-0_5
Majewski, C., & Bakris, G. L. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44433-8_5
Steigerwalt, S. P. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47871-7.00076-9
Hiremath, S. S. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119105954.ch22
La progressione della malattia renale cronica
Manfellotto, D., & Pinna, G. (2023) · Italian Journal of Medicine · doi:10.4081/itjm.q.2023.3
Diuretika bei akuter und chronischer Nierenkrankheit
Bohnert, B. N. (2024) · Nephrologie aktuell · doi:10.1055/a-2187-3045
Spiral Microchannels with Inertial Microfluidics for Enhanced Hemodialysis Ultrafiltration
Siddique, M. K., Xinwei, & Li, S. (2023) · International Conference on Fluid Power and Mechatronics · doi:10.1109/fpm57590.2023.10565601
Hypertension in People with Diabetic and Chronic Kidney Disease, Obesity, and Renin Secreting Tumors
Khan, S. H., & Weir, M. R. (2025) · Updates in hypertension and cardiovascular protection · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81292-7_3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Long-Term Impact of Alpha-Blockers on Renal Function
Ramík, Z., Modrák, M., Kvapil, T., Jelínek, L., Drápela, M., Lys, Z., Čapek, B., Musil, D., Veiser, T., & Václavík, J. (2025) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000547273
Diuretics: An Overview of Their Evolution and Role in the Management of Hypertension
Nayak‐Rao, S. (2026) · Indian Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.4103/ijkd.ijkd_64_25
- Authors
- Agarwal, R., Sinha, A. D., Pappas, M. K., & Ammous, F.
- Affiliations
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Nephrology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 171-182
- ISSN
- 0250-8095 (ISSN-L)
- 1421-9670
- OpenAlex
- W2012257041
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 7.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Nephrology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Keywords
- chlorthalidone, thiazide diuretics, chronic kidney disease, uncontrolled hypertension, blood pressure reduction, volume contraction, albuminuria, plasma renin activity, serum creatinine, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyponatremia, adverse drug reactions, dose escalation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antihypertensive Agents, Chlorthalidone, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Renal, Hypokalemia, Hyponatremia, Hypotension, Orthostatic, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Hyperuricemia, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
