Growth hormone dynamics in healthy adults are related to age and sex and strongly dependent on body mass index
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Studies on 24-hour growth hormone (GH) secretion are rare. The influences of sex, age, and adiposity are well recognized but generally derived from specific, selected subject groups, not spanning sexes, many age decades, and a range of body weights. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to investigate GH dynamics in a group of 130 healthy adult subjects, both men and women, across 5 age decades as well as a 2.5-fold range of body mass index (BMI) values. METHODS: GH was measured by a sensitive immunofluorometric assay. Secretion parameters were quantified by automated deconvolution and relative pattern randomness by approximate entropy (ApEn). RESULTS: The median age was 40 years (range 20-77). The median BMI was 26 (range 18.3-49.8). Pulsatile 24-hour GH secretion was negatively correlated with age (p = 0.002) and BMI (p < 0.0001). Basal GH secretion negatively correlated with BMI (p = 0.003) but not with age. The sex- dependent GH secretion (greater in women) was no longer detectable after 50 years of age. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels were lower in women over 50 years of age compared with men of a similar age. ApEn showed an age-related increase in both sexes and was higher in premenopausal and postmenopausal women than in men of comparable age (p < 0.0001). A single fasting GH measurement is not informative of 24-hour GH secretion. CONCLUSIONS: BMI dominates the negative regulation of 24-hour GH secretion across 5 decades of age in this up till now largest cohort of healthy adults who underwent 24-hour blood sampling. Sex also impacts GH secretion before the age of 50 years as well as its regularity at all ages. Differences in serum IGF-1 partly depend on the pre- or postmenopausal state. Finally, a single GH measurement is not informative of 24-hour GH secretion.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Endogenous GH secretion in young women is consistently higher (typically twice as high) as in young men of similar age.
“The proposal that the sex difference in muscle mass and function might be due to sex differences in endogenous GH secretion (116) is refuted by the extensive and conclusive clinical evidence that endogenous GH secretion in young women is consistently higher (typically twice as high) as in young men of similar age (163–170).”
From Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance (2018) · cites this paper as [169]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity.
Pincus, S. M. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.6.2297 · Cited by 5,811 · see citing works
Giustina, A., & Veldhuis, J. D. (1998) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.19.6.0353 · Cited by 1,253 · see citing works
Self-citationHO, K. Y., EVANS, W. S., BLIZZARD, R. M., VELDHUIS, J. D., MERRIAM, G. R., SAMOJLIK, E., FURLANETTO, R., ROGOL, A. D., KAISER, D. L., & THORNER, M. O. (1987) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-64-1-51 · Cited by 921 · see citing works
Self-citationIRANMANESH, A., LIZARRALDE, G., & VELDHUIS, J. D. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-73-5-1081 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Self-citationImpaired growth hormone secretion in the adult population: relation to age and adiposity.
Rudman, D. R., Kutner, M., Rogers, C. M., Lubin, M., Fleming, G. A., & Bain, R. P. (1981) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci110164 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Zadik, Z., CHALEW, A., McCarter, R., Meistas, M. T., & Kowarski, A. A. (1985) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-60-3-513 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Impaired Growth Hormone Responses to Growth Hormone–Releasing Factor in Obesity
Williams, T., Berelowitz, M., Joffe, S. N., Thorner, M. O., Rivier, J., Vale, W., & Frohman, L. A. (1984) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198411293112203 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Bidlingmaier, M., Friedrich, N., Emeny, R. T., Spranger, J., Wolthers, O. D., Roswall, J., Körner, A., Obermayer-Pietsch, B. M., Hübener, C., Dahlgren, J., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3059 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Pincus, S. M., Mulligan, T., Iranmanesh, A., Gheorghiu, S., Godschalk, M., & Veldhuis, P. P. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.14100 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
van den Berg, G., Veldhuis, J. D., Frölich, M., & Roelfsema, F. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.7.8675561 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Self-citationDecreased Pulsatile Release of Growth Hormone in Old Male Rats*
Sonntag, W. E., Steger, R. W., FORMAN, L. J., & Meites, J. (1980) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-107-6-1875 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Quantification of hormone pulsatility via an approximate entropy algorithm
Pincus, S. M., & Keefe, D. L. (1992) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1992.262.5.e741 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Rasmussen, M. H., HVIDBERG, A. D., Juul, A., Main, K. M., Gotfredsen, A., Skakkebæk, N. E., Hilsted, J., & Skakkebae, N. E. (1995) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.80.4.7536210 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Casanueva, F. F., VILLANUEVA, L., Diéguez, C., DIAZ, Y., Cabranes, J. A., Szoke, B. G., Scanlon, M. F., Schally, A. V., & Fernández‐Cruz, A. (1987) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-65-4-634 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
The Effect of Free Fatty Acids on Growth Hormone(GH)-Releasing Hormone-Mediated GH Secretion in Man*
Imaki, T., Shibasaki, T., SHIZUME, K., Masuda, A., Hotta, M., Kiyosawa, Y., Jibiki, K., Demura, H., Tsushima, T., & LING, N. C. (1985) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-60-2-290 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Clasey, J. L., WELTMAN, A. L., Patrie, J., Weltman, J. Y., Pezzoli, S. S., Bouchard, C., Thorner, M. O., & Hartman, M. L. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.8.7731 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Luque, R. M., & Kineman, R. D. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-1549 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Yamashita, S., & Melmed, S. K. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci112832 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Irregularity and asynchrony in biologic network signals
Pincus, S. M. (2000) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(00)21192-0 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Veldhuis, J. D., Straume, M., Iranmanesh, A., Mulligan, T., Jaffe, C., Barkan, A., Johnson, M. L., & Pincus, S. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.3.r721 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationAltered Neuroregulation of GH Secretion in Viscerally Obese Premenopausal Women
Pijl, H., Langendonk, J. G., Burggraaf, J., Frölich, M., Cohen, A. F., Veldhuis, J. D., & Meinders, A. E. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.11.8061 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationProlactin Secretion in Healthy Adults Is Determined by Gender, Age and Body Mass Index
Roelfsema, F., Pijl, H., Keenan, D. M., & Veldhuis, J. D. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031305 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationMakimura, H., Stanley, T. L., Mun, D., You, S. M., & Grinspoon, S. K. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1333 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
O'Connor, K. G., Tobin, J. D., Harman, S. M., Plato, C. C., Roy, T. A., Sherman, S. S., & Blackman, M. R. (1998) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/53a.3.m176 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Cordido, F., Peino, R., Peñalva, A., Álvarez, C. V., Casanueva, F. F., & Diéguez, C. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.3.8772550 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Marinis, L. D., Bianchi, A., Mancini, A., Gentilella, R., Perrelli, M., Giampietro, A., Porcelli, T., Tilaro, L., Fusco, A., Valle, D. D. L. N. M., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021308 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Keenan, D. M., Roelfsema, F., Biermasz, N. R., & Veldhuis, J. D. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00195.2003 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationSensitivity and specificity of pulse detection using a new deconvolution method
Liu, P. Y., Keenan, D. M., Kok, P., Padmanabhan, V., O'Byrne, K. T., & Veldhuis, J. D. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00071.2009 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationAppelman‐Dijkstra, N. M., Claessen, K. M. J. A., Roelfsema, F., Pereira, A. M., & Biermasz, N. R. (2013) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-12-1088 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationGrowth Hormone Secretory Patterns in Young, Middle-Aged and Old Female Rats
Takahashi, S., Gottschall, P. E., Quigley, K. L., et al. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000124810 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Effects of age on the irregularity of LH and FSH serum concentrations in women and men
Pincus, S. M., Veldhuis, J. D., Mulligan, T., Iranmanesh, A., & Evans, W. S. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.5.e989 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationGrowth hormone secretion in recently operated acromegalic patients
van den Berg, G., Frölich, M. A., Veldhuis, J. D., & Roelfsema, F. (1994) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.79.6.7989479 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationTamoxifen attenuates pulsatile growth hormone secretion: mediation in part by somatostatin
Tannenbaum, G. S., Gurd, W., Lapointe, M., & Pollak, M. (1992) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.130.6.1350760 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Insulin regulation of rat growth hormone gene transcription.
Yamashita, S., & Melmed, S. K. (1986) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci112654 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Composite model of time-varying appearance and disappearance of neurohormone pulse signals in blood
Keenan, D. M., Chattopadhyay, S., & Veldhuis, J. D. (2005) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.03.008 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citation7 Interaction between body composition, leptin and growth hormone status
Casanueva, F. F., & Diéguez, C. (1998) · Baillière s Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0950-351x(98)80024-4 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Veldhuis, J. D., Roelfsema, F., Keenan, D. M., & Pincus, S. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-1669 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Tanaka, K., Inoue, S., Numata, K., Okazaki, H., Nakamura, S., & Takamura, Y. (1990) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(90)90296-o · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Veldhuis, J. D., Roelfsema, F., Iranmanesh, A., Carroll, B. J., Keenan, D. M., & Pincus, S. M. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1143 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationLack of association between adipose tissue distribution and IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in men and women.
Schoen, R. E., Schragin, J. G., Weissfeld, J. L., Thaete, F. L., Evans, R. G., Rosen, C. J., & Kuller, L. H. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Roelfsema, F., Pereira, A. M., Adriaanse, R., Endert, E., Fliers, E., Romijn, J. A., & Veldhuis, J. D. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1959 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationAcipimox enhances spontaneous growth hormone secretion in obese women
Kok, P., Buijs, M. M., Kok, S. W., van Ierssel, I. H. A. P., Frölich, M., Roelfsema, F., Voshol, P. J., Meinders, A. E., & Pijl, H. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00595.2003 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationRoelfsema, F., Pijl, H., Kok, P., Endert, E., Fliers, E., Biermasz, N. R., Pereira, A. M., & Veldhuis, J. D. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2858 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationSomatotropic Dysregulation in Old Mammals
ller, E. E. M. U., Cella, S. G., Parenti, M. D., Deghenghi, R., Locatelli, V., Colonna, V. D. G., Torsello, A., & Cocchi, D. (1995) · Hormone Research · doi:10.1159/000184235 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Diurnal Secretion Profiles of Growth Hormone, Thyrotrophin and Prolactin in Parkinson’s Disease
Aziz, N. A., Pijl, H., Frölich, M. A., Roelfsema, F., & Roos, R. A. C. (2011) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02134.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationFrystyk, J., Hussain, M. A., Skjærbæk, C., et al. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.3.e507 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Walker, R. F., Yang, S.-W., & Bercu, B. B. (1991) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(91)90050-l · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Kok, P., Paulo, R. C., Cosma, M., Mielke, K. L., Miles, J. M., Bowers, C. Y., & Veldhuis, J. D. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0522 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, L., Steyn, F. J., Tan, H. Y., et al. (2012) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2012-1178 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Veldhuis, J. D., Keenan, D. M., Mielke, K. L., Miles, J. M., & Bowers, C. Y. (2005) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.02001 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationGrowth hormone and ghrelin secretion are associated with clinical severity in Huntington’s disease
Aziz, N. A., Pijl, H., Frölich, M. A., der Elst, J. P. S.-V., van der Bent, C., Roelfsema, F., & Roos, R. A. C. (2009) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02798.x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationVelasco, B., Cacicedo, L., Escalada, J., López‐Fernández, J., & Sánchez‐Franco, F. (1998) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.139.3.5779 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
van Dam, E. W. C. M., Roelfsema, F., Helmerhorst, F. M., Frölich, M., Meinders, A. E., Veldhuis, J. D., & Pijl, H. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-012006 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of sodium oxybate on growth hormone secretion in narcolepsy patients and healthy controls
Donjacour, C. E. H. M., Aziz, N. A., Roelfsema, F., Frölich, M., Overeem, S., Lammers, G. J., & Pijl, H. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00623.2010 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationFrutos, M. G.-S., Cacicedo, L., Méndez, C. F., et al. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/62.6.585 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
van der Klaauw, A. A., Pereira, A. M., van Thiel, S. W., Smit, J. W. A., Corssmit, E. P. M., Biermasz, N. R., Frölich, M. A., Iranmanesh, A., Veldhuis, J. D., Roelfsema, F., et al. (2006) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.02163 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationVeldhuis, J. D., Iranmanesh, A., LIZARRALDE, G., & Urban, R. J. (1994) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(94)90089-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationSchepper, J. A. D., Smitz, J. P., Zhou, X.-L., Louis, G. M. B., Velkeniers, B., & Vanhaelst, L. (1998) · Growth Hormone & IGF Research · doi:10.1016/s1096-6374(98)80310-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Roelfsema, F., Biermasz, N. R., & Veldhuis, J. D. (2002) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.0300-0664.2001.01433.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationHudson, S. B. A., Schroeder, D. R., Bailey, J. N., Mielke, K. L., Erickson, D. Z., Miles, J. M., Bowers, C. Y., & Veldhuis, J. D. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1769 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationVeldhuis, J. D., Hudson, S. B. A., Erickson, D. Z., Bailey, J. N., Reynolds, G. A., & Bowers, C. Y. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00230.2009 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationHypothalamo-pituitary-IGF-1 axis in female rats made obese by overfeeding
Cattaneo, L., Colonna, V. D. G., Zoli, M., et al. (1997) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00590-0 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Tannenbaum, G. S., Epelbaum, J., Videau, C., et al. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000127117 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Veldhuis, J. D., Weltman, J. Y., WELTMAN, A. L., Iranmanesh, A., Müller, E. E., & Bowers, C. Y. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0282 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of aging on the morphology and function of the somatotroph cell population in rats
Cónsole, G. M., Dumm, C. L. A. G., & Goya, R. G. (1993) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/0047-6374(93)90058-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Veldhuis, J. D., Keenan, D. M., Bailey, J. N., Adeniji, A., Miles, J. M., Paulo, R., Cosma, M., & Soares-Welch, C. V. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1493 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationEstablishment of reference values for endocrine tests. Part VII: growth hormone deficiency.
Eskes, S. A., Tomasoa, N. B., Endert, E., Geskus, R. B., Fliers, E., & Wiersinga, W. M. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A comparison of IGF-I levels measured by two commercially available radioimmunoassays
Silbergeld, A., Jaber, L., Lilos, P., et al. (1988) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.1190333 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Growth hormone treatment for the elderly?
Lanzi, R., & Pontiroli, A. E. (1992) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03324088 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance
Handelsman, D. J., Hirschberg, A. L., & Bermon, S. (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00020 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Fat mass changes during menopause: a metaanalysis
Ambikairajah, A., Walsh, E., Tabatabaei-Jafari, H., & Cherbuin, N. (2019) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.04.023 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Impact of age, sex and body mass index on cortisol secretion in 143 healthy adults
Roelfsema, F., van Heemst, D., Iranmanesh, A., Takahashi, P., Yang, R., & Veldhuis, J. D. (2017) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-17-0160 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“Higher BMI is associated with attenuated 24-h GH secretion, and a more subtly increased 24-h TSH, prolactin and ACTH secretion (4, 21, 34, 35).”
Self-citation
- Authors
- Roelfsema, F., & Veldhuis, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Venue
- Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2015-07-28
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 335-344
- ISSN
- 0028-3835 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0194
- PMC
- PMC4731317
- OpenAlex
- W984684029
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 4.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DK050456)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG031763, R01AG029362, R01AG019695)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK050456, R01DK073148)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- growth hormone secretion, pulsatile secretion, body mass index, adiposity, age-related decline, sex differences, menopause, insulin-like growth factor I, approximate entropy, healthy adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Female, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Male, Middle Aged, Radioimmunoassay, Sex Characteristics, Growth Hormone, Body Mass Index, Linear Models, Nonlinear Dynamics, Entropy, Young Adult, Healthy Volunteers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
