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Cited by 53Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsPituitary Gland Disorders and TreatmentsHypothalamic control of reproductive hormones

Gender, age, body mass index, and IGF-I individually and jointly determine distinct GH dynamics: analyses in one hundred healthy adults

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Veldhuis, Johannes D., Roelfsema, Ferdinand, Keenan, Daniel M., Pincus, Steven·2011·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
DOI 10.1210/jc.2010-1669PMC PMC3038492
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: GH secretion is quantifiable as mean, peak, and nadir GH concentrations; degree of irregularity (approximate entropy); and spikiness (brief staccato-like fluctuations). HYPOTHESIS: Distinct GH dynamics reflect relatively distinct (combinations of) subject variables, such as gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and IGF-I concentrations. LOCATION: The study took place at a clinical translational research unit. SUBJECTS: Subjects included 100 healthy adults ages 20-77 yr (59 women and 41 men), BMI 18-42 kg/m(2), and IGF-I 9.2-38 nmol/liter. MEASURES: Immunofluorometric GH assay was done on 10-min samples collected for 24 h. RESULTS: Stepwise forward-selection multivariate regression analysis revealed that mean GH concentrations were simultaneously determined (overall r = 0.36; P < 0.001) by gender (higher in women, P < 0.001), BMI (negatively, P < 0.001), and IGF-I (positively, P < 0.001). Peak GH levels were influenced (r = 0.28) by both BMI (P < 0.001) and IGF-I (P = 0.001). Nadir GH values were jointly affected by gender (higher in women, P = 0.005) and BMI (negatively, P = 0.001). GH approximate entropy was triply defined (r = 0.29) by gender (greater irregularity in women, P < 0.001), age (P = 0.022), and BMI (P = 0.008) and dually (r = 0.25) by gender (P = 0.0001) and BMI (P = 0.017) if sex steroids were included. GH spikiness was determined (r = 0.29) by gender (higher in women, P = 0.0016) and BMI (positively, P = 0.0002). CONCLUSION: In healthy adults, combinations of gender, age, BMI, and IGF-I specify distinct GH dynamics, thus requiring balanced representation of these variables in comparative GH studies.

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Crossref · 10.1210/jc.2010-1669

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  • Endogenous GH secretion in young women is consistently higher (typically twice as high) as in young men of similar age.

    “The proposal that the sex difference in muscle mass and function might be due to sex differences in endogenous GH secretion (116) is refuted by the extensive and conclusive clinical evidence that endogenous GH secretion in young women is consistently higher (typically twice as high) as in young men of similar age (163–170).”

    From Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance (2018) · cites this paper as [167]

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Authors
Veldhuis, J. D., Roelfsema, F., Keenan, D. M., & Pincus, S.
Affiliations
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
  • University of Virginia (US)
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
The Endocrine Society
Published
2011-01
Volume
96
Issue
1
Pages
115-121
ISSN
  • 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7197
DOI
10.1210/jc.2010-1669
PMC
PMC3038492
OpenAlex
W2061710273
Cited by
53
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
FWCI
3.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Aging (AG029362, R01AG029362, AG-019695, R01AG019695, R37AG019695)
  • National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024150)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Keywords
growth hormone secretion, body mass index, insulin-like growth factor I, gender differences, age effects, healthy adults, sex steroids
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Female, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Fluoroimmunoassay, Body Mass Index, Human Growth Hormone

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