Impact of physical exercise on endocrine aging
Abstract
Physical exercise may be vital to the maintenance of the endocrine system with aging and its helps to restore loss of activity of the endocrine system with aging. There is evidence that physical exercise induces activity of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis and so produces anabolic effects in skeletal muscles. Mechano growth factor (MGF), a locally produced isoform of IGF-1, has been hypothesized to be important for the maintenance of skeletal muscles with aging. Short-term high-resistance exercise results in an increase of MGF mRNA in young but not in elderly subjects. Reported changes in levels of circulating sex steroid hormones in men after different types of (acute and chronic) physical exercise are mixed and not consistent. In addition, physical exercise may increase local effects of sex steroid hormones, and this may be more important than levels of circulating sex steroids for the maintenance and function of skeletal muscles. In elderly women, both increased physical exercise and reduced body fat may decrease levels of circulating sex hormones. Aging is further associated with changes in the dynamic functions of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, but these changes may be attenuated/modified by aerobic training. Chronic exercise does not alter circulating cortisol levels in elderly subjects.
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Emerging data from multiple studies show beneficial effects of lifestyle changes, especially exercise and caloric restriction, in mitigating many age-related physical and cognitive declines.
“In contrast, the emerging data from multiple studies show the indisputable beneficial effects of lifestyle changes, especially exercise 14, 15 and caloric restriction,16-18 in mitigating many age-related physical and cognitive declines.”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
Positive lifestyle changes such as aerobic and resistance exercise and/or healthy caloric restriction can favorably affect endocrine and metabolic functions and counter age-related diseases.
“Rather, positive lifestyle modifications such as regular aerobic and resistance exercise programs and/or healthy calorically restricted diet can favorably affect endocrine and metabolic functions and act as countermeasures to various age-related diseases.”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Janssen, J. A. M. J. L.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Janssen, Joseph A.M.J.L.
- Venue
- Frontiers of hormone research
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 47
- Pages
- 68-81
- ISSN
- 0301-3073 (ISSN-L)
- 1662-3762
- OpenAlex
- W2502956739
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 16.19
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Frontiers of hormone research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- physical activity, endocrine aging, growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis, insulin-like growth factor I, mechano growth factor, skeletal muscle aging, sex hormones, hypothalamic-pituitary axis, cortisol, aerobic exercise, resistance training, older women, fat mass
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Female, Hormones, Humans, Male, Exercise
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