Differential effects of strength training leading to failure versus not to failure on hormonal responses, strength, and muscle power gains
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of 11 wk of resistance training to failure vs. nonfailure, followed by an identical 5-wk peaking period of maximal strength and power training for both groups as well as to examine the underlying physiological changes in basal circulating anabolic and catabolic hormones. Forty-two physically active men were matched and then randomly assigned to either a training to failure (RF; n = 14), nonfailure (NRF; n = 15), or control groups (C; n = 13). Muscular and power testing and blood draws to determine basal hormonal concentrations were conducted before the initiation of training (T0), after 6 wk of training (T1), after 11 wk of training (T2), and after 16 wk of training (T3). Both RF and NRF resulted in similar gains in 1-repetition maximum bench press (23 and 23%) and parallel squat (22 and 23%), muscle power output of the arm (27 and 28%) and leg extensor muscles (26 and 29%), and maximal number of repetitions performed during parallel squat (66 and 69%). RF group experienced larger gains in the maximal number of repetitions performed during the bench press. The peaking phase (T2 to T3) after NRF resulted in larger gains in muscle power output of the lower extremities, whereas after RF it resulted in larger gains in the maximal number of repetitions performed during the bench press. Strength training leading to RF resulted in reductions in resting concentrations of IGF-1 and elevations in IGFBP-3, whereas NRF resulted in reduced resting cortisol concentrations and an elevation in resting serum total testosterone concentration. This investigation demonstrated a potential beneficial stimulus of NRF for improving strength and power, especially during the subsequent peaking training period, whereas performing sets to failure resulted in greater gains in local muscular endurance. Elevation in IGFBP-3 after resistance training may have been compensatory to accommodate the reduction in IGF-1 to preserve IGF availability.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Exercising until volitional failure is not mandatory for neuromuscular adaptations.
“although exercising until volitional failure is not mandatory for neuromuscular adaptations (58,59)”
From Resistance training load effects on muscle hypertrophy and strength gain: systematic review and network meta-analysis. (2021) · cites this paper as [58]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Generalized equations for predicting body density of men
Jackson, A. S., & Pollock, M. L. (1978) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19780152 · Cited by 3,205 · see citing works
Hormonal Responses and Adaptations to Resistance Exercise and Training
Kraemer, W. J., & Ratamess, N. A. (2005) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200535040-00004 · Cited by 1,389 · cited 6× · see citing works
“In fact, it has been suggested that a transient drop in the testosterone-to-cortisol ratio below 45% cannot be interpreted as a sign of overstrain or neuroendocrine dysfunction and may not be associated with decreased performance (9, 14, 26).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationEffects of heavy-resistance training on hormonal response patterns in younger vs. older men
Kraemer, W. J., Häkkinen, K., Newton, R. U., Nindl, B. C., Volek, J. S., McCormick, M., Gotshalk, L. A., Gordon, S. E., Fleck, S. J., Campbell, W. W., et al. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.982 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Self-citationIzquierdo, M., Häkkinen, K., González‐Badillo, J. J., Courel‐Ibáñez, J., & Gorostiaga, E. M. (2002) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0628-y · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuromuscular and hormonal adaptations in athletes to strength training in two years
Häkkinen, K., Pakarinen, A., Alén, M., Kauhanen, H., & Komi, P. V. (1988) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1988.65.6.2406 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Self-citationResistance Exercise Overtraining and Overreaching
Fry, A. C., & Kraemer, W. J. (1997) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-199723020-00004 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Self-citationLow-volume circuit versus high-volume periodized resistance training in women
Marx, J. O., Ratamess, N. A., Nindl, B. C., Gotshalk, L. A., Volek, J. S., Dohi, K., Bush, J. A., mez, A. L. G., MAZZETTI, S. A., Fleck, S. J., et al. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200104000-00019 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Self-citationAcute and chronic hormonal responses to resistance training designed to promote muscle hypertrophy
Mccall, G. E., Byrnes, W. C., Fleck, S. J., Dickinson, A., & Kraemer, W. J. (1999) · Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1139/h99-009 · Cited by 249 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This was not surprising considering that resting GH concentrations typically do not change during traditional strength training (25), despite the enhanced adaptation ability for tissue remodeling to acute exercise-induced response after resistance exercise (27).”
BackgroundSelf-citationIzquierdo, M., González-Badillo, J., Häkkinen, K., Ibáñez, J., Kraemer, W., Altadill, A., Eslava, J., & Gorostiaga, E. (2006) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2005-872825 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of resistance training on insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF binding proteins
Borst, S. E., de Hoyos, D., Garzarella, L., Vincent, K. R., Pollock, B. H., LOWENTHAL, D. T., & Pollock, M. L. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200104000-00021 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Gene expression in skeletal muscle in response to stretch and force generation
Goldspink, G., Scutt, A. M., Loughna, P. T., Wells, D. J., Jaenicke, T., & Gerlach, G. F. (1992) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.3.r356 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Fatigue contributes to the strength training stimulus
RODNEY, K. J., Herbert, R., & Balnave, R. J. (1994) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199409000-00014 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Häkkinen, K., Pakarinen, A., Alén, M., Kauhanen, H., & Komi, P. V. (1987) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2008-1025705 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationGorostiaga, E. M., Izquierdo, M., Iturralde, P. B., Ruesta, M., & Courel‐Ibáñez, J. (1999) · European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology · doi:10.1007/s004210050622 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationAhtiainen, J. P., Pakarinen, A., Kraemer, W. J., & Häkkinen, K. (2003) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2003-41171 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citationSerum hormones during prolonged training of neuromuscular performance
H�kkinen, K., Pakarinen, A., Al�n, M., & Komi, P. V. (1985) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00422840 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationStrength training effects on physical performance and serum hormones in young soccer players
Gorostiaga, E. M., Izquierdo, M., Ruesta, M., Iribarren, J., González‐Badillo, J. J., & Ib��ez, J. (2003) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-003-1032-y · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Self-citationFatigue is not a necessary stimulus for strength gains during resistance training
Folland, J. P., Irish, C. S., Roberts, J. C., Tarr, J. E., & Jones, D. A. (2002) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.36.5.370 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
TRAINING LEADING TO REPETITION FAILURE ENHANCES BENCH PRESS STRENGTH GAINS IN ELITE JUNIOR ATHLETES
Drinkwater, E. J., Lawton, T. W., Lindsell, R. P., Pyne, D. B., Hunt, P. H., & McKenna, M. J. (2005) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/r-15224.1 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Serum levels of total and free IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are increased and maintained in long-term training
Koziris, L. P., Hickson, R. C., Chatterton, R. T., Groseth, R. T., Christie, J. M., Goldflies, D. G., & Unterman, T. G. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.86.4.1436 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Vervoorn, C., Quist, A., Vermulst, L., Erich, W. B. M., de Vries, W. R., & Thijssen, J. H. H. (1991) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024677 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Androgen receptor content following heavy resistance exercise in men
Ratamess, N. A., Kraemer, W. J., Volek, J. S., Maresh, C. M., VanHeest, J. L., Sharman, M. J., Rubin, M. R., French, D. N., Vescovi, J. D., Silvestre, R., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.10.019 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Single vs. Multiple Sets of Weight Training: Impact of Volume, Intensity, and Variation
Kramer, J. B., Stone, M. H., OʼBryant, H. S., Conley, M. S., Johnson, R. L., Nieman, D. C., Honeycutt, D. R., & Hoke, T. P. (1997) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/1533-4287(1997)011 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Performance decrements with high-intensity resistance exercise overtraining
Fry, A. C., Kraemer, W. J., van Borselen, F., Lynch, J. M., Marsit, J. L., Roy, E. P., Triplett, N. T., & Knuttgen, H. G. (1994) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199409000-00015 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationPopulation attributable risk: implications of physical activity dose.
Macera, C., & Powell, K. E. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200106001-00032 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Endocrine Responses to Overreaching Before and After 1 Year of Weightlifting
Fry, A. C., Kraemer, W. J., Gordon, S. E., Stone, M. H., Warren, B. J., Fleck, S. J., & Kearney, J. T. (1994) · Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1139/h94-032 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationGonzález‐Badillo, J. J., Gorostiaga, E. M., Arellano, R., & Izquierdo, M. (2005) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/r-15574.1 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationHickson, R. C., Hidaka, K., Foster, C., Falduto, M. T., & Chatterton, R. T. (1994) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1994.76.2.663 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Impaired Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Athletes After Utterly Strenuous Prolonged Exercise
Niemelä, K. O., Palatsi, I., Ikäheimo, M. J., Airaksinen, J. K. E., & Takkunen, J. T. (1987) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2008-1025642 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Serum hormones in male strength athletes during intensive short term strength training
H�kkinen, K., & Pakarinen, A. (1991) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00233847 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationSanborn, K., Boros, R. L., Hruby, J., Schilling, B. K., OʼBryant, H. S., JOHNSON, R. L., Hoke, T., STONE, M. E., & Stone, M. H. (2000) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/00124278-200008000-00014 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Growth hormone pulsatility profile characteristics following acute heavy resistance exercise
Nindl, B. C., Hymer, W. C., Deaver, D. R., & Kraemer, W. J. (2001) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.91.1.163 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationIGFBP-3, a sensitive marker of physical training and overtraining
Elloumi, M., Elj, N. E., Zaouali, M., Maso, F., Filaire, E., Tabka, Z., & Lac, G. (2005) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2004.014183 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Raastad, T., Glomsheller, T., Bjøro, T., & Hallén, J. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0838.2003.00297.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Does Short-Term Near-Maximal Intensity Machine Resistance Training Induce Overtraining?
Fry, A. C., Kraemer, W. J., Lynch, J. M., Triplett, N. T., & Koziris, L. P. (1994) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/1533-4287(1994)008 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationLedford, A., & Branch, J. (1999) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/1533-4287(1999)013 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Ratamess, N. A., Kraemer, W. J., Volek, J. S., Maresh, C. M., Heest, J. L. V., Rubin, M. R., French, D. N., Sharman, M. J., Vescovi, J. D., & Silvestre, R. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200405001-01138 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Single vs. Multiple Sets of Weight Training
Kramer, J. B., Stone, M. H., OʼBryant, H. S., Conley, M. S., Johnson, R. L., Nieman, D. C., Honeycutt, D. R., & Hoke, T. P. (1997) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/00124278-199708000-00002 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Does Short-Term Near-Maximal Intensity Machine Resistance Training Induce Overtraining?
Fry, A. C., Kraemer, W. J., Lynch, J. M., Triplett, N. T., & Koziris, L. P. (1994) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/00124278-199408000-00011 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and their application to resistance training
Schoenfeld, B. J. (2010) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181e840f3 · Cited by 1,214 · see citing works
Velocity Loss as an Indicator of Neuromuscular Fatigue during Resistance Training
SÁNCHEZ-MEDINA, L., & GONZÁLEZ-BADILLO, J. J. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318213f880 · Cited by 852 · see citing works
Self-citationPareja‐Blanco, F., Rodríguez‐Rosell, D., Sánchez‐Medina, L., Sanchis‐Moysi, J., Dorado, C., Mora‐Custodio, R., Yáñez‐García, J. M., Morales‐Alamo, D., Pérez‐Suárez, I., Calbet, J. A. L., et al. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12678 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Self-citationTestosterone Physiology in Resistance Exercise and Training: The Up-Stream Regulatory Elements
Vingren, J. L., Kraemer, W. J., Ratamess, N. A., Anderson, J. M., Volek, J. S., & Maresh, C. M. (2010) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11536910-000000000-00000 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Self-citationScott, B. R., Loenneke, J. P., Slattery, K., & Dascombe, B. J. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0288-1 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
LOPEZ, P., RADAELLI, R., TAAFFE, D. R., NEWTON, R. U., GALVÃO, D. A., TRAJANO, G. S., TEODORO, J. L., KRAEMER, W. J., HÄKKINEN, K., & PINTO, R. S. (2021) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002585 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Self-citationBottaro, M., Machado, S. N., Nogueira, W., Scales, R., & Veloso, J. (2007) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0343-1 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Reliability and Validity of the Load–Velocity Relationship to Predict the 1RM Back Squat
Banyard, H. G., Nosaka, K., & Haff, G. G. (2016) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001657 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Helms, E. R., Cronin, J., Storey, A., & Zourdos, M. C. (2016) · Strength & Conditioning Journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0000000000000218 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Blagrove, R. C., Howatson, G., & Hayes, P. R. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0835-7 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Grgic, J., Schoenfeld, B. J., Orazem, J., & Sabol, F. (2022) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2021.01.007 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Two Emerging Concepts for Elite Athletes
Crewther, B. T., Cook, C. J., Cardinale, M., Weatherby, R. P., & Lowe, T. E. (2011) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11539170-000000000-00000 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Effects of Velocity Loss During Resistance Training on Performance in Professional Soccer Players
Pareja‐Blanco, F., Sánchez‐Medina, L., Suarez-Arrones, L. J., & González‐Badillo, J. J. (2016) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2016-0170 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Self-citationDavies, T., Orr, R., Halaki, M., & Hackett, D. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0451-3 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Time course of recovery following resistance training leading or not to failure
Morán-Navarro, R., Pérez, C. E., Mora-Rodríguez, R., de la Cruz-Sánchez, E., González-Badillo, J. J., Sánchez-Medina, L., & Pallarés, J. G. (2017) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3725-7 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationEnergy Metabolism during Repeated Sets of Leg Press Exercise Leading to Failure or Not
Gorostiaga, E. M., Navarro-Amézqueta, I., Calbet, J. A. L., Hellsten, Y., Cusso, R., Guerrero, M., Granados, C., González-Izal, M., Ibañez, J., & Izquierdo, M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040621 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Importance of Movement Velocity as a Measure to Control Resistance Training Intensity
González‐Badillo, J. J., Marques, M. C., & Sánchez‐Medina, L. (2011) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.2478/v10078-011-0053-6 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Self-citationVelocity Loss as a Critical Variable Determining the Adaptations to Strength Training
Pareja‐Blanco, F., Alcázar, J., Sánchez‐Valdepeñas, J., Cornejo‐Daza, P. J., Piqueras‐Sanchiz, F., Mora-Vela, R., Sánchez‐Moreno, M., Mena, B. B., Ortega‐Becerra, M., & Alegre, L. M. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002295 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Balsalobre‐Fernández, C., Santos‐Concejero, J., & Grivas, G. V. (2015) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001316 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Concurrent Endurance and Strength Training Not to Failure Optimizes Performance Gains
IZQUIERDO-GABARREN, M., GONZÁLEZ DE TXABARRI EXPÓSITO, R., GARCÍA-PALLARÉS, J., SÁNCHEZ-MEDINA, L., DE VILLARREAL, E. S. S., & IZQUIERDO, M. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181c67eec · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationCytokine and hormone responses to resistance training
Izquierdo, M., Ibañez, J., Calbet, J. A. L., Navarro-Amézqueta, I., González‐Izal, M., Idoate, F., Häkkinen, K., Kraemer, W. J., Palacios-Sarrasqueta, M., Almar, M., et al. (2009) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1139-x · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence-Based Resistance Training Recommendations
Fisher, J., Steele, J., Bruce-Low, S., & Smith, D. (2011) · Medicina Sportiva · doi:10.2478/v10036-011-0025-x · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Painter, K. B., Haff, G. G., Ramsey, M. W., McBride, J. M., Triplett, T. N., Sands, W. A., Lamont, H. S., Stone, M. E., & Stone, M. H. (2012) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.7.2.161 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Training for Muscular Strength: Methods for Monitoring and Adjusting Training Intensity
Suchomel, T. J., Nimphius, S., Bellon, C. R., Hornsby, W. G., & Stone, M. H. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01488-9 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Muscular Strength and Adiposity as Predictors of Adulthood Cancer Mortality in Men
Ruiz, J. R., Sui, X., Lobelo, F., Lee, D.-C., Morrow, J. R., Jackson, A. W., Hébert, J. R., Matthews, C. E., Sjöstróm, M., & Blair, S. N. (2009) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-1075 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Endurance and neuromuscular changes in world-class level kayakers during a periodized training cycle
Pallarés, J. G., Sánchez‐Medina, L., Páez, L. C., Díaz, A., & Izquierdo, M. (2009) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1061-2 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationStrategies to Optimize Concurrent Training of Strength and Aerobic Fitness for Rowing and Canoeing
Pallarés, J. G., & Izquierdo, M. (2011) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11539690-000000000-00000 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationSchoenfeld, B. J., Ratamess, N. A., Peterson, M. D., Contreras, B., Sonmez, G. T., & Alvar, B. A. (2014) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000480 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationCluster Training: A Novel Method for Introducing Training Program Variation
Haff, G. G., Hobbs, R. T., Haff, E. E., Sands, W. A., Pierce, K. C., & Stone, M. H. (2008) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0b013e31816383e1 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Schoenfeld, B. J., Fisher, J. P., Grgić, J., Haun, C. T., Helms, E. R., Phillips, S. M., Steele, J., & Vigotsky, A. D. (2021) · International Journal of Strength and Conditioning · doi:10.47206/ijsc.v1i1.81 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
DETRAINING AND TAPERING EFFECTS ON HORMONAL RESPONSES AND STRENGTH PERFORMANCE
Izquierdo, M., Courel‐Ibáñez, J., González‐Badillo, J. J., Ratamess, N. A., Kraemer, W. J., HÄKKINEN, K., Bonnabau, H., Granados, C., French, D. N., & Gorostiaga, E. M. (2007) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/r-21136.1 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationChtourou, H., Driss, T., Souissi, S., Gam, A., Chaouachi, A., & Souissi, N. (2011) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31821d5e8d · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Stone, M. H., Hornsby, W. G., Haff, G. G., Fry, A. C., Suarez, D. G., Liu, J., González‐Ravé, J. M., & Pierce, K. C. (2021) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004050 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Vale, R. G. D. S., de Oliveira, R. D., Pernambuco, C. S., de Meneses, Y. P. D. S. F., Novaes, J. D. S., & de Andrade, A. D. (2009) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2008.11.011 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Training to Fatigue: The Answer for Standardization When Assessing Muscle Hypertrophy?
Dankel, S. J., Jessee, M. B., Mattocks, K. T., Mouser, J. G., Counts, B. R., Buckner, S. L., & Loenneke, J. P. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0633-7 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Is repetition failure critical for the development of muscle hypertrophy and strength?
Sampson, J. A., & Groeller, H. (2016) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12445 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
A novel scale to assess resistance-exercise effort
Hackett, D. A., Johnson, N. A., Halaki, M., & Chow, C. M. (2012) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.710757 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Acute and delayed response to resistance exercise leading or not leading to muscle failure
Pareja‐Blanco, F., Rodríguez‐Rosell, D., Sánchez‐Medina, L., Ribas‐Serna, J., López-López, C., Mora‐Custodio, R., Yáñez‐García, J. M., & González‐Badillo, J. J. (2016) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/cpf.12348 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationPareja‐Blanco, F., Alcázar, J., Cornejo‐Daza, P. J., Sánchez‐Valdepeñas, J., Rodríguez-López, C., Mora, J. H., Sánchez‐Moreno, M., Mena, B. B., Alegre, L. M., & Ortega‐Becerra, M. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13775 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Kobal, R., Loturco, I., Barroso, R., Gil, S. D. S., Cuniyochi, R., Ugrinowitsch, C., Roschel, H., & Tricoli, V. (2016) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001609 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Marshall, P. W., McEwen, M., & Robbins, D. W. (2011) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-011-1944-x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Rodríguez‐Rosell, D., Yáñez‐García, J. M., Mora‐Custodio, R., Pareja‐Blanco, F., Ravelo-García, A. G., Ribas‐Serna, J., & González‐Badillo, J. J. (2020) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2019-0829 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationIs Resistance Training to Muscular Failure Necessary?
Nóbrega, S. R., & Libardi, C. A. (2016) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00010 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
RPE vs. percentage 1RM loading in periodized programs matched for sets and repetitions.
Helms, E. R., Byrnes, R. K., Cooke, D. M., Haischer, M. H., Carzoli, J. P., Johnson, T. K., Cross, M. R., Cronin, J. B., Storey, A. G., & Zourdos, M. C. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00247 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Nóbrega, S. R., Ugrinowitsch, C., Pintanel, L., Barcelos, C., & Libardi, C. A. (2018) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001787 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Is There a Minimum Intensity Threshold for Resistance Training-Induced Hypertrophic Adaptations?
Schoenfeld, B. J. (2013) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0088-z · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Reduction in Circulating Testosterone Relates to Exercise Capacity in Men With Chronic Heart Failure
Jankowska, E. A., Filippatos, G. S., Ponikowska, B., Borodulin-Nadzieja, L., Anker, S. D., Banasiak, W., Poole-Wilson, P. A., & Ponikowski, P. P. (2009) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2008.12.011 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Álvarez, C., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., & Izquierdo, M. (2017) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01037.2016 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationVieira, A. F., Umpierre, D., Teodoro, J. L., Lisboa, S. C., Baroni, B. M., Izquierdo, M., & Cadore, E. L. (2021) · Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003936 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationGonzález‐Badillo, J. J., Sánchez‐Medina, L., Ribas‐Serna, J., & Rodríguez‐Rosell, D. (2022) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-022-00513-z · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationTraining Specificity for Athletes: Emphasis on Strength-Power Training: A Narrative Review
Stone, M. H., Hornsby, W. G., Suarez, D. G., Duca, M., & Pierce, K. C. (2022) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk7040102 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Velocity Drives Greater Power Observed During Back Squat Using Cluster Sets
Oliver, J. M., Kreutzer, A., Jenke, S. C., Phillips, M. D., Mitchell, J. B., & Jones, M. T. (2015) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001023 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Effect of velocity loss during squat training on neuromuscular performance
Rodríguez‐Rosell, D., Yáñez‐García, J. M., Mora‐Custodio, R., Sánchez‐Medina, L., Ribas‐Serna, J., & González‐Badillo, J. J. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13967 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationNuzzo, J. L., Pinto, M. D., Nosaka, K., & Steele, J. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01937-7 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Baz-Valle, E., Fontes-Villalba, M., & Santos-Concejero, J. (2021) · Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002776 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Greater Gains in Strength and Power With Intraset Rest Intervals in Hypertrophic Training
Oliver, J. M., Jagim, A. R., Sanchez, A., Mardock, M. A., Kelly, K. A., Meredith, H. J., Smith, G. L., Greenwood, M., Parker, J. L., Riechman, S. E., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182891672 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Cui, S., Sun, B., Yin, X., Guo, X., Chao, D., Zhang, C., Zheng, J., Chen, X., & Ma, J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02294-y · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Davies, T. B., Tran, D. L., Hogan, C. M., Haff, G. G., & Latella, C. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01408-3 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Acute response to cluster sets in trained and untrained men
Oliver, J. M., Kreutzer, A., Jenke, S. C., Phillips, M. D., Mitchell, J. B., & Jones, M. T. (2015) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3216-7 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The load-velocity profiles of three upper-body pushing exercises in men and women
García‐Ramos, A., Suzović, D., & Pérez‐Castilla, A. (2019) · Sports Biomechanics · doi:10.1080/14763141.2019.1597155 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Neuromuscular Fatigue after Resistance Training
Izquierdo, M., Ibañez, J., Calbet, J. A. L., González‐Izal, M., Navarro-Amézqueta, I., Granados, C., Malanda, A., Idoate, F., González‐Badillo, J. J., Häkkinen, K., et al. (2009) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1214379 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationPrediction of the Maximum Number of Repetitions and Repetitions in Reserve From Barbell Velocity
García‐Ramos, A., Torrejón, A., Feriche, B., Morales‐Artacho, A. J., Pérez‐Castilla, A., Padial, P., & Haff, G. G. (2017) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2017-0302 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Soriano‐Maldonado, A., Carrera-Ruiz, Á., Díez‐Fernández, D. M., Esteban‐Simón, A., Maldonado-Quesada, M., Moreno-Poza, N., García-Martínez, M. D. M., Alcaraz‐García, C., Vázquez-Sousa, R., Moreno-Martos, H., et al. (2019) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000017625 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Soriano‐Maldonado, A., Díez‐Fernández, D. M., Esteban‐Simón, A., Rodríguez-Pérez, M. A., Artés-Rodríguez, E., Casimiro-Artés, M. Á., Moreno-Martos, H., Toro-de-Federico, A., Hachem-Salas, N., Bartholdy, C. R., et al. (2022) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-022-01192-1 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Muscle Activation Strategies During Strength Training With Heavy Loading vs. Repetitions to Failure
Sundstrup, E., Jakobsen, M. D., Andersen, C. H., Zebis, M. K., Mortensen, O. S., & Andersen, L. L. (2011) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e318239c38e · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Mechanical, Metabolic, and Perceptual Acute Responses to Different Set Configurations in Full Squat
González-Hernández, J. M., García‐Ramos, A., Castaño‐Zambudio, A., Capelo‐Ramírez, F., Márquez, G., Boullosa, D. A., & Jiménez‐Reyes, P. (2017) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002117 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Martorelli, S., Cadore, E. L., Izquierdo, M., Celes, R. S., Martorelli, A., Cleto, V. A., Alvarenga, J. G., & Bottaro, M. (2017) · European Journal of Translational Myology · doi:10.4081/ejtm.2017.6339 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Set Configuration of Resistance Exercise on Perceived Exertion
Mayo, X., Iglesias‐Soler, E., & Fernández‐del‐Olmo, M. (2014) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/25.29.pms.119c30z3 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Tsitkanou, S., Spengos, K., Stasinaki, A.-N. E., Zaras, N. D., Bogdanis, G. C., Papadimas, G. K., & Terzis, G. D. (2016) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12751 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
da Silva, L. X. N., Teodoro, J. L., Menger, E., Lopez, P., Grazioli, R., Farinha, J., Moraes, K., Bottaro, M., Pinto, R. S., Izquierdo, M., et al. (2018) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.017 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationRobinson, Z. P., Pelland, J. C., Remmert, J. F., Refalo, M. C., Jukic, I., Steele, J., & Zourdos, M. C. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02069-2 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The Use of Specialized Training Techniques to Maximize Muscle Hypertrophy
Schoenfeld, B. J. (2011) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0b013e3182221ec2 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Effects of Very Short Rest Periods on Hormonal Responses to Resistance Exercise in Men
Rahimi, R., Qaderi, M., Faraji, H., & Boroujerdi, S. S. (2010) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181ddb265 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Larsen, S., Kristiansen, E. L., & van den Tillaar, R. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.10663 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Acute Effects of Distribution of Rest between Repetitions
Iglesias‐Soler, E., Carballeira, E., Sánchez-Otero, T., Mayo, X., Jiménez, A., & Chapman, M. L. (2012) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1299699 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Iglesias‐Soler, E., Mayo, X., Río-Rodríguez, D., Carballeira, E., Fariñas, J., & Fernández‐del‐Olmo, M. (2015) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1119299 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Effort Index as a Novel Variable for Monitoring the Level of Effort During Resistance Exercises
Rodríguez‐Rosell, D., Yáñez‐García, J. M., Torres‐Torrelo, J., Mora‐Custodio, R., Marques, M. C., & González‐Badillo, J. J. (2018) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002629 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationMora‐Custodio, R., Rodríguez‐Rosell, D., Yáñez‐García, J. M., Sánchez‐Moreno, M., Pareja‐Blanco, F., & González‐Badillo, J. J. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1480052 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Different Resistance Training Volumes on Strength and Power in Team Sport Athletes
Naclerio, F., Faigenbaum, A. D., Larumbe‐Zabala, E., Pérez‐Bilbao, T., Kang, J., Ratamess, N. A., & Triplett, N. T. (2012) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182736d10 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationMoro, T., Marcolin, G., Bianco, A., Bolzetta, F., Berton, L., Sergi, G., & Paoli, A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17114093 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Ejercicio físico como intervención eficaz en el anciano frágil
Herrero, Á. C., & Izquierdo, M. (2012) · Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra · doi:10.4321/s1137-66272012000100007 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationGarcía‐Ramos, A., González-Hernández, J. M., Baños-Pelegrín, E., Castaño‐Zambudio, A., Capelo‐Ramírez, F., Boullosa, D. A., Haff, G. G., & Jiménez‐Reyes, P. (2017) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002301 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Effects of a Modified German Volume Training Program on Muscular Hypertrophy and Strength
Amirthalingam, T., Mavros, Y., Wilson, G. C., Clarke, J., Mitchell, L., & Hackett, D. A. (2016) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001747 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Sánchez‐Moreno, M., Cornejo‐Daza, P. J., González‐Badillo, J. J., & Pareja‐Blanco, F. (2020) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003500 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationMethods for Regulating and Monitoring Resistance Training
Helms, E. R., Kwan, K., Sousa, C. A., Cronin, J. B., Storey, A. G., & Zourdos, M. C. (2020) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.2478/hukin-2020-0011 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Clausen, M. B., Hölmich, P., Rathleff, M. S., Bandholm, T., Christensen, K. B., Zebis, M. K., & Thorborg, K. (2021) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/03635465211016008 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Drinkwater, E. J., Lawton, T. W., McKenna, M. J., Lindsell, R. P., Hunt, P. H., & Pyne, D. B. (2007) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/r-20666.1 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Ramos‐Campo, D. J., Martínez-Aranda, L. M., Andreu‐Caravaca, L., Ávila-Gandía, V., & Rubio‐Arias, J. Á. (2020) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5114/biolsport.2020.97677 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
IGF-I/IGFBP system: metabolism outline and physical exercise.
Gatti, R. D., Palo, E. F. D., Antonelli, G., & Spinella, P. (2012) · PubMed · doi:10.3275/8456 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Does Training to Failure Maximize Muscle Hypertrophy?
Schoenfeld, B. J., & Grgić, J. (2019) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0000000000000473 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Refalo, M. C., Hamilton, D. L., Paval, D. R., Gallagher, I. J., Feros, S. A., & Fyfe, J. J. (2021) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2021.1898094 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Haun, C. T., Mumford, P. W., Roberson, P. A., Romero, M. A., Mobley, C. B., Kephart, W. C., Anderson, R. G., Colquhoun, R. J., Muddle, T. W. D., Luera, M. J., et al. (2017) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13457 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Liao, K., Wang, X., Han, M., Li, L.-L., Nassis, G. P., & Li, Y. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259790 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Assunção, A. R., Bottaro, M., Ferreira‐Júnior, J. B., Izquierdo, M., Cadore, E. L., & Gentil, P. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160650 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationSantos, W. D. N. D., Vieira, C. A., Bottaro, M., Nunes, V. A., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Steele, J., Fisher, J. P., & Gentil, P. (2021) · Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002915 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Moraes, E., Fleck, S. J., Ricardo Dias, M., & Simão, R. (2013) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31828de8c3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Fisher, J. P., Blossom, D., & Steele, J. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0421 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Pelland, J. C., Robinson, Z. P., Remmert, J. F., Cerminaro, R. M., Benitez, B., John, T. A., Helms, E. R., & Zourdos, M. C. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01667-2 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Effect of the level of effort during resistance training on intraocular pressure
Vera, J., Jiménez, R., Redondo, B., Torrejón, A., Moraes, C. G. D., & García‐Ramos, A. (2018) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1505959 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Gantois, P., de Lima-Júnior, D. R. A. A., Fortes, L. D. S., Batista, G. R., Nakamura, F. Y., & Fonseca, F. D. S. (2021) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/00315125211016233 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
- Authors
- Izquierdo, M., Ibañez, J., González-Badillo, J. J., Häkkinen, K., Ratamess, N. A., Kraemer, W. J., French, D. N., Eslava, J., Altadill, A., Asiain, X., & Gorostiaga, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Northumbria University (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2006-05
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1647-1656
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2136945708
- Cited by
- 316
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 9.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- muscle power, muscular endurance, insulin-like growth factor I, IGFBP-3, cortisol, testosterone, bench press, squatting
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Composition, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Physical Exertion, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Isometric Contraction, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Muscle Contraction, Physical Endurance, Testosterone, Weight Lifting, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
