Environmental exposure during pregnancy: influence on prenatal development and early life: a comprehensive review
Abstract
Preconception and prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants may affect future health. Pregnancy and early life are critical sensitive windows of susceptibility. The aim of this review was to summarize current evidence on the toxic effects of environment exposure during pregnancy, the neonatal period, and childhood. Alcohol use is related to foetal alcohol spectrum disorders, foetal alcohol syndrome being its most extreme form. Smoking is associated with placental abnormalities, preterm birth, stillbirth, or impaired growth and development, as well as with intellectual impairment, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases later in life. Negative birth outcomes have been linked to the use of drugs of abuse. Pregnant and lactating women are exposed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and heavy metals present in foodstuffs, which may alter hormones in the body. Prenatal exposure to these compounds has been associated with pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, and thyroid function. Metals can accumulate in the placenta, causing foetal growth restriction. Evidence on the effects of air pollutants on pregnancy is constantly growing, for example, preterm birth, foetal growth restriction, increased uterine vascular resistance, impaired placental vascularization, increased gestational diabetes, and reduced telomere length. The advantages of breastfeeding outweigh any risks from contaminants. However, it is important to assess health outcomes of toxic exposure…
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Overall, pregnant women are more sensitive to chemical exposure than non-pregnant women due to the physiological changes, more prone to develop pregnancy-related complications due to the exposure, and almost certainly even more vulnerable when pregnancy complications are already present.
“Overall, pregnant women are more sensitive to chemical exposure than non-pregnant women due to the physiological changes, more prone to develop pregnancy-related complications due to the exposure, and almost certainly even more vulnerable when pregnancy complications are already present (Gomez-Roig et al., 2021).”
From Pregnancy-related maternal physiological adaptations and fetal chemical exposure (2023) · cites this paper as Gomez-Roig et al., 2021
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- Authors
- Gómez-Roig, M. D., Pascal, R., Cahuana, M. J., García-Algar, O., Sebastiani, G., Andreu-Fernández, V., Martínez, L., Rodríguez, G., Iglesia, I., Ortiz-Arrabal, O., Mesa, M. D., Cabero, M. J., Guerra, L., Llurba, E., Domínguez, C., Zanini, M. J., Foraster, M., Larqué, E., Cabañas, F., Lopez-Azorín, M., Pérez, A., Loureiro, B., Pallás-Alonso, C. R., Escuder-Vieco, D., & Vento, M.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona (ES)
- Hospital Universitario La Paz (ES)
- Universidad de Zaragoza (ES)
- Universidad de Granada (ES)
- Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (ES)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (ES)
- BioCruces Health research Institute (ES)
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe (ES)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 245-257
- ISSN
- 1015-3837 (ISSN-L)
- 1421-9964
- OpenAlex
- W3137751741
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCrea (University of Cantabria) (acceptedVersion)
- Zaguan (University of Zaragoza Repository) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Keywords
- prenatal environmental exposure, pregnancy, neonatal period, childhood, alcohol consumption, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, smoking, drugs of abuse, endocrine disruptors, heavy metals, placenta, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, air pollution, telomere length, breastfeeding, environmental noise, developmental toxicity
- MeSH terms
- Child, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Lactation, Placenta, Pregnancy, Premature Birth, Growth and Development
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