Isoform-Dependent Cholesterol Efflux From Macrophages by Apolipoprotein E Is Modulated by Cell Surface Proteoglycans
Open accessAbstract
Objective— Apolipoprotein E (apoE) mediates cellular cholesterol efflux and plays a crucial role in the inhibition of atherogenesis. We investigated whether there is an isoform-specific difference in its function for cholesterol efflux from cholesterol-loaded RAW264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line that lacks endogenous apoE expression. Methods and Results— When human apoE was expressed in RAW264.7 cells, apoE2 reduced cellular total cholesterol (TC) and esterified cholesterol (EC) levels significantly, whereas apoE3 and apoE4 had no effect. However, treatment of cells with 4-methylumbelliferyl-7-β- d -xyloside (β-DX) resulted in all 3 isoforms’ reducing cellular TC and EC contents significantly. We also investigated the effect of exogenously derived apoE on cholesterol efflux by utilizing the medium harvested from HeLa cells expressing apoE. ApoE2 and E3 reduced both cellular TC and EC contents significantly, whereas apoE4 did not. However, treatment of the cells with β-DX resulted in all 3 exogenously derived apoE isoforms’ reducing TC and EC contents significantly. The binding ability of apoE to heparan sulfate proteoglycans examined by heparinase I treatment revealed less binding ability of apoE2 compared with that of apoE3 or apoE4. Conclusions— The present study clarified the differential cellular cholesterol-modulating effect of apoE isoforms in macrophages, which would be due to the difference in their binding to proteoglycans.
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- Authors
- Hara, M., Matsushima, T., Satoh, H., Iso-o, N., Noto, H., Togo, M., Kimura, S., Hashimoto, Y., & Tsukamoto, K.
- Affiliations
- Tsukuba Memorial Hospital (JP)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 269-274
- ISSN
- 1079-5642 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4636
- OpenAlex
- W2166878600
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.teikyo.jp
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein E, APOE isoforms, APOE2, APOE3, APOE ε4, cholesterol efflux, macrophages, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, esterified cholesterol, atherogenesis, RAW 264.7 macrophages
- MeSH terms
- Adenoviridae, Animals, Antigens, Surface, Apolipoproteins E, beta-Galactosidase, Cell Line, Cholesterol, Genetic Vectors, HeLa Cells, Humans, Lipoproteins, VLDL, Proteoglycans, Transfection, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Macrophages, Peritoneal, Gene Transfer Techniques, Heparin Lyase, Mice, Apolipoprotein E3, Apolipoprotein E4
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