Cited by 164Cholesterol and Lipid MetabolismAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsLipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health

Apolipoprotein E and cholesterol in aging and disease in the brain

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de Chaves, Elena Posse, Narayanaswami, Vasanthy, Christoffersen, Christina, Nielsen, Lars Bo·2008·Future Lipidology

Abstract

Cholesterol can be detrimental or vital, and must be present in the right place at the right time and in the right amount. This is well known in the heart and the vascular system. However, in the CNS cholesterol is still an enigma, although several of its fundamental functions in the brain have been identified. Brain cholesterol has attracted additional attention owing to its close connection to ApoE, a key polymorphic transporter of extracellular cholesterol in humans. Indeed, both cholesterol and ApoE are so critical to fundamental activities of the brain, that the brain regulates their synthesis autonomously. Yet, similar control mechanisms of ApoE and cholesterol homeostasis may exist on either sides of the blood-brain barrier. One indication is that the APOE ε4 allele is associated with hypercholesterolemia and a proatherogenic profile on the vascular side and with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease on the CNS side. In this review, we draw attention to the association between cholesterol and ApoE in the aging and diseased brain, and to the behavior of the ApoE4 protein at the molecular level. The attempt to correlate in vivo and in vitro observations is challenging but crucial for developing future strategies to address ApoE-related aberrations in cholesterol metabolism selectively in the brain.

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  • Cells harboring PSMC5 variants exhibit characteristics reminiscent of senescent or neurodegenerative cells.

    “Cells harboring PSMC5 variants exhibit characteristics reminiscent of senescent or neurodegenerative cells, including impaired mitophagy47, type I IFN response48, abnormal apolipoproteins and/or cholesterol levels49,50, cognitive inflexibility51,52, impaired neuritogenesis53,54, and an imbalanced E/I ratio55,56.”

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Authors
de Chaves, E. P., Narayanaswami, V., Christoffersen, C., & Nielsen, L. B.
Affiliations
  • Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Alberta, 928 Medical Sciences BuildingEdmontonAlberta, T6G 2S2, Canada, Tel.: Fax.:
  • California State University, Long Beach (US)
Corresponding author
  • Narayanaswami, Vasanthy
  • Christoffersen, Christina
  • Nielsen, Lars Bo
Venue
Future Lipidology
Published
2008-01-01
Volume
3
Issue
5
Pages
505-530
ISSN
1746-0875 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2143416920
Cited by
164
References
327
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
FWCI
7.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Future Lipidology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL064159)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Keywords
apolipoprotein E, APOE ε4, brain cholesterol, cholesterol homeostasis, brain aging, Alzheimer's disease, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, blood-brain barrier, cholesterol metabolism

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