CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 539Stress Responses and CortisolHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Adrenocortical, Autonomic, and Inflammatory Causes of the Metabolic Syndrome: Nested Case-Control Study

Open access
Brunner, E.J., Hemingway, H., Walker, B.R., Page, M., Clarke, P., Juneja, M., Shipley, M.J., Kumari, M., Andrew, R., Seckl, J.R., Papadopoulos, A., Checkley, S., Rumley, A., Lowe, G.D.O., Stansfeld, S.A., Marmot, M.G.·2002·Circulation
DOI 10.1161/01.cir.0000038364.26310.bd
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Background— The causes of metabolic syndrome (MS), which may be a precursor of coronary disease, are uncertain. We hypothesize that disturbances in neuroendocrine and cardiac autonomic activity (CAA) contribute to development of MS. We examine reversibility and the power of psychosocial and behavioral factors to explain the neuroendocrine adaptations that accompany MS. Methods and Results— This was a double-blind case-control study of working men aged 45 to 63 years drawn from the Whitehall II cohort. MS cases (n=30) were compared with healthy controls (n=153). Cortisol secretion, sensitivity, and 24-hour cortisol metabolite and catecholamine output were measured over 2 days. CAA was obtained from power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) recordings. Twenty-four-hour cortisol metabolite and normetanephrine (3-methoxynorepinephrine) outputs were higher among cases than controls (+ 0.49, +0.45 SD, respectively). HRV and total power were lower among cases (both −0.72 SD). Serum interleukin-6, plasma C-reactive protein, and viscosity were higher among cases (+0.89, +0.51, and +0.72 SD). Lower HRV was associated with higher normetanephrine output ( r =−0.19; P =0.03). Among former cases (MS 5 years previously, n=23), cortisol output, heart rate, and interleukin-6 were at the level of controls. Psychosocial factors accounted for 37% of the link between MS and normetanephrine output, and 7% to 19% for CAA. Health-related behaviors accounted for 5% to 18% of neuroendocrine differences. Conclusions— Neuroendocrine stress axes are activated in MS. There is relative cardiac sympathetic predominance. The neuroendocrine changes may be reversible. This case-control study provides the first evidence that chronic stress may be a cause of MS. Confirmatory prospective studies are required.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1161/01.cir.0000038364.26310.bd

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. 1998, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83, 757
  2. 10.1161/hyp.31.4.891 · DOI
  3. 10.1161/atvb.20.1.271 · DOI
  4. 10.1161/circ.93.5.1043 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 539

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Brunner, E. J., Hemingway, H., Walker, B. R., Page, M., Clarke, P., Juneja, M., Shipley, M. J., Kumari, M., Andrew, R., Seckl, J. R., Papadopoulos, A., Checkley, S., Rumley, A., Lowe, G. D. O., Stansfeld, S. A., & Marmot, M. G.
Affiliations
  • Queen Mary University of London (GB)
  • From the International Centre for Health and Society, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, England; Endocrinology Unit (B.R.W., R.A., J.R.S.), Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland; Institute of Psychiatry (A.P., S.C.), Bethlem Royal Hospital, London, England; Department of Medicine (A.R., G.D.O.L.), Royal Infirmary, University of Glasgow, Scotland; and Department of Community Psychiatry (S.A.S.), Queen Mary and Westfield College, London,...
ORCID
Venue
Circulation
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2002-11-19
Volume
106
Issue
21
Pages
2659-2665
ISSN
  • 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4539
DOI
10.1161/01.cir.0000038364.26310.bd
OpenAlex
W2104706609
Cited by
539
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 29
FWCI
11.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Circulation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (HS06516)
  • British Heart Foundation (HS06516)
  • European Science Foundation
  • Health and Safety Executive
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (HS06516)
  • Medical Research Council (HS06516)
  • National Institute on Aging (AG 13196)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HS06516, HL36310, R01HL036310)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords
metabolic syndrome, neuroendocrine stress response, cardiac autonomic activity, heart rate variability, cortisol secretion, normetanephrine, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, chronic stress, psychosocial factors, health behavior, reversibility, coronary disease risk
MeSH terms
Adrenal Cortex, Autonomic Nervous System, Blood Viscosity, C-Reactive Protein, Catecholamines, Double-Blind Method, Heart Rate, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Neurosecretory Systems, Normetanephrine, Psychology, Stress, Physiological, Cohort Studies, Interleukin-6, Case-Control Studies, Coronary Restenosis, Metabolic Syndrome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review