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Cited by 936Stress Responses and CortisolAdrenal Hormones and DisordersPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Assessing salivary cortisol in large-scale, epidemiological research

Adam, Emma K., Kumari, Meena·2009·Psychoneuroendocrinology
DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.06.011
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Abstract

Salivary cortisol measures are increasingly being incorporated into large-scale, population-based, or epidemiological research, in which participants are selected to be representative of particular communities or populations of interest, and sample sizes are in the order of hundreds to tens of thousands of participants. These approaches to studying salivary cortisol provide important advantages but pose a set of challenges. The representative nature of sampling, and large samples sizes associated with population-based research offer high generalizability and power, and the ability to examine cortisol functioning in relation to: (a) a wide range of social environments; (b) a diverse array individuals and groups; and (c) a broad set of pre-disease and disease outcomes. The greater importance of high response rates (to maintain generalizability) and higher costs associated with this type of large-scale research, however, requires special adaptations of existing ambulatory cortisol protocols. These include: using the most efficient sample collection protocol possible that still adequately address the specific cortisol-related questions at hand, and ensuring the highest possible response and compliance rates among those individuals invited to participate. Examples of choices made, response rates obtained, and examples of results obtained from existing epidemiological cortisol studies are offered, as are suggestions for the modeling and interpretation of salivary cortisol data obtained in large-scale epidemiological research.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.06.011

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  • Dysregulation of the HPA axis can cause a reduction in the amplitude of the diurnal cortisol pattern or a flatter slope in the decline of levels of cortisol across the day.

    “Dysregulation of the HPA axis can cause a reduction in the amplitude of the diurnal cortisol pattern or a flatter slope in the decline of levels of cortisol across the day 28.”

    From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as [28]

  • The CAR and the slope are thought to reflect separate neurobiological control systems; therefore, experimental samples of cortisol taken 30 min after waking are conventionally not included when calculating the cortisol slope.

    “The CAR and the slope are thought to reflect separate neurobiological control systems; therefore, experimental samples of cortisol taken 30 min after waking, which reflect the CAR, are conventionally not included when calculating the cortisol slope 28.”

    From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as [28]

  • The pattern of daily cortisol release is characterized by high levels of cortisol on waking, followed by an increase that reaches a peak 30-45 min after waking (the cortisol awakening response), and subsequent decline over the day.

    “The pattern of daily cortisol release is characterized by high levels of cortisol on waking, followed by an increase that reaches a peak 30-45 min after waking (termed the cortisol awakening response (CAR)) and subsequent decline over the day 28”

    From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as [28]

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Metadata

Authors
Adam, E. K., & Kumari, M.
Affiliations
Northwestern University (US)
ORCID
Adam, Emma K.
Venue
Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-11
Volume
34
Issue
10
Pages
1423-1436
ISSN
0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.06.011
OpenAlex
W2120842367
Cited by
936
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 67 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 38
FWCI
1.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • British Heart Foundation (RG/07/008/23674)
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (HS06516)
  • Economic and Social Research Council (ES/G002452/1)
  • National Institute on Aging (P01 AG1891, AG 13196)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL36310, R01HL036310)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords
salivary cortisol, population-based study, sample collection protocol, response rate, participant compliance, generalizability
MeSH terms
Circadian Rhythm, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Forecasting, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Models, Biological, Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests, Saliva, Specimen Handling, Epidemiologic Research Design

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