Atrial enlargement as a consequence of atrial fibrillation. A prospective echocardiographic study.

Sanfilippo, A J; Abascal, V M; Sheehan, M; Oertel, L B; Harrigan, P; Hughes, R A; Weyman, A E

doi:10.1161/01.cir.82.3.792

Cited by 739Atrial Fibrillation Management and OutcomesCardiovascular Function and Risk FactorsCardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments

Atrial enlargement as a consequence of atrial fibrillation. A prospective echocardiographic study.

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Sanfilippo, A J, Abascal, V M, Sheehan, M, Oertel, L B, Harrigan, P, Hughes, R A, Weyman, A E·1990·Circulation

DOI 10.1161/01.cir.82.3.792

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Abstract

To test the hypothesis that atrial enlargement can develop as a consequence of atrial fibrillation, left and right atrial dimensions were measured echocardiographically at two different time points in patients with atrial fibrillation. Patients were selected who initially had normal atrial sizes and who had no evidence of significant structural or functional cardiac abnormalities other than atrial fibrillation either by history or two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Fifteen patients were studied (12 men and three women; mean age, 67.3 years). Average time between studies was 20.6 months. Three orthogonal left atrial dimensions and two right atrial dimensions were measured, and all were found to increase significantly between studies. Also, highly significant increases in calculated left atrial volume (from 45.2 to 64.1 cm3, p less than 0.001) and right atrial volume (from 49.2 to 66.2 cm3, p less than 0.001) were observed. The relative extents of left and right atrial volume increase did not differ, and left ventricular size did not change significantly between studies. These results indicate that atrial enlargement can occur as a consequence of atrial fibrillation. The maintenance of sinus rhythm, therefore, may prevent atrial enlargement and its adverse clinical effects.

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The link between female sex and stroke might vary across populations and age groups.
“The link between female sex and stroke might vary across populations and age groups.75–84”
From Atrial fibrillation in women: epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, and prognosis (2016) · cites this paper as [77]

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“11 Clinical presentation† Dyspnea or congestive heart failure 25 (69) 65 (66) Abdominal symptoms 0 (0) 8 (8) Cardiac tamponade 0 (0) 7 (7) Arrhythmia 5 (14) 1 (1) Liver disease 2 (6) 3 (3) Miscellaneous 4 (11) 15 (15) New York Heart Association class‡§ Class I or II 15 (42) 24 (25) Class III or IV 21 (58) 73 (75) Phys…”
BackgroundMethod
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“The twodimensional diameters method uses direct measurement of three diameters, antero-posterior (D1) and transverse (D2) in the fourchamber (4C) view, and supero-inferior (D3) in the apical LAx view.(14) LA volume is calculated as [p (D1 D2 D3)/6].”
BackgroundMethod
Twenty-five years in the making: flecainide is safe and effective for the management of atrial fibrillation
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Mitral Valve Adaptation to Isolated Annular Dilation
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“Atrial fibrillation (AF) causes annular dilation without LV dysfunction or dilation (9).”
Background
The role of atrial dilatation in the domestication of atrial fibrillation
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“Early repeated cardioversion by itself does not seem sufficient to revert remodelling enough to stabilize SR.86 A dual strategy of early treatment of AF that includes rhythm control as well as aggressive detection and management of associated conditions may help to prevent electrical and structural remodelling and pro…”
BackgroundInfluential
Subtypes of Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation
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“In fact, LA enlargement might even be the consequence of the arrhythmia [70].”
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“In human lone AF, it has been shown that long-term assessment of patients diagnosed with AF, which had normal sized atria upon diagnosis, does lead to structural remodeling of the atria causing atrial enlargement and dilatation over a subsequent period of 20 months [15].”
Background
Mechanisms of perpetuation of atrial fibrillation in chronically dilated atria
Eckstein, J., Verheule, S., de Groot, N. M. S., Allessie, M. A., & Schotten, U. (2008) · Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2008.02.019 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
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“Changes in LA size and function are associated with cardiovascular disease and are risk factors for atrial fibrillation, stroke and death [1–3].”
Background
Pharmacologic versus direct-current electrical cardioversion of atrial flutter and fibrillation
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“Prior to OHS, a standard transthoracic echocardiography was performed to estimate ventricular function and calculate atrial volume: atrial volume (ml)=4/3π ×d1/2×d2/2×d3/2 (d=diameter in cm) [16].”
Method
Left atrial enlargement is an independent predictor of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
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Atrial fibrillation and stroke
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“Left atrial enlargement, which may represent the burden of atrial wall changes in patients with AF, is a common finding in patients with prolonged AF and promotes blood stasis [82,83].”
Background
Feasibility of Two‐Dimensional Global Longitudinal Strain and Strain Rate Imaging for the Assessment of Left Atrial Function: A Study in Subjects with a Low Probability of Cardiovascular Disease and Normal Exercise Capacity
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Use of Atrial Strain to Predict Atrial Fibrillation After Cerebral Ischemia
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“Although in the absence of cardiac disease, 3% of transthoracic echocardiograms (TTEs) performed after cerebral ischemia reveal a cardioembolic source (5), there is an association between left atrial (LA) size and cryptogenic or cardioembolic strokes (13).”
Background
The prothrombotic state in atrial fibrillation: pathophysiological and management implications
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“Prolonged duration of AF promotes increasing LA dilatation thus enhancing the environment for stasis.(38) LA enlargement is an independent risk factor for stroke in”
Background
Prediction of Left Atrial Fibrosis With Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Mitral Valve Disease: A Comparative Study With Histopathology
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The surgical management of giant left atrium
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Mitral Regurgitation Associated with Mitral Annular Dilation in Patients with Lone Atrial Fibrillation: An Echocardiographic Study
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Alcohol Consumption, Left Atrial Diameter, and Atrial Fibrillation
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“13,14,32,34 The ﬁ ndings of several recent investigations suggest that chronic consumption of alcohol may lead to LA-speci ﬁ c structural and electrophysiological remodeling.”
Prospective randomized study comparing amiodarone vs. amiodarone plus losartan vs. amiodarone plus perindopril for the prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrence in patients with lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
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“The longer duration of AF resulted in the larger LA as previously reported.(5) In addition, the elevated CRP levels were directly proportional to the increases in LA size.”
Background
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Authors: Sanfilippo, A. J., Abascal, V. M., Sheehan, M., Oertel, L. B., Harrigan, P., Hughes, R. A., & Weyman, A. E.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Venue: Circulation
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1990-09
Volume: 82
Issue: 3
Pages: 792-797
ISSN: 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
1524-4539
DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.82.3.792
OpenAlex: W2102450596
Cited by: 739
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 30
FWCI: 7.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Circulation (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
Keywords: atrial fibrillation, atrial enlargement, left atrial volume, right atrial volume, left atrial diameter, left ventricular dimensions, sinus rhythm maintenance, atrial remodeling
MeSH terms: Aged, Atrial Fibrillation, Echocardiography, Female, Heart Atria, Cardiomegaly, Heart Ventricles, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mitral Valve Insufficiency, Myocardium, Prospective Studies, Observer Variation

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Atrial enlargement as a consequence of atrial fibrillation. A prospective echocardiographic study.

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