The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Mechanisms responsible for sympathetic activation by cigarette smoking in humans.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The pressor and tachycardic effects of cigarette smoking are associated with an increase in plasma catecholamines, suggesting the dependence of these effects on adrenergic stimulation. Whether the stimulation occurs at a central or a peripheral level and whether reflex mechanisms are involved is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: In nine normotensive healthy subjects (age, 33.0 +/- 3.5 years, mean +/- SEM), we measured blood pressure (Finapres device), heart rate (ECG), calf blood flow and vascular resistance (venous occlusion plethysmography), plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine (high-performance liquid chromatography assay), and postganglionic muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography from the peroneal nerve) while subjects were smoking a filter cigarette (nicotine content, 1.1 mg) or were in control condition. Cigarette smoking (which raised plasma nicotine measured by high-performance liquid chromatography from 1.0 +/- 0.9 to 44.2 +/- 7.1 ng/mL) markedly and significantly increased mean arterial pressure (+13.2 +/- 2.3%), heart rate (+30.3 +/- 4.7%), calf vascular resistance (+12.1 +/- 4.9%), plasma norepinephrine (+34.8 +/- 7.0%), and plasma epinephrine (+90.5 +/- 39.0%). In contrast, muscle sympathetic nerve activity showed a marked reduction (integrated activity -31.8 +/- 5.1%, P < .01). The reduction was inversely related to the increase in mean arterial pressure (r = -.67, P < .05), but the slope of the relation was markedly less (-54.1 +/- 7.5%, P < .05) than that obtained by intravenous infusion of phenylephrine in absence of smoking. The hemodynamic and neurohumoral changes were still visible 30 minutes after smoking and occurred again on smoking a second cigarette. Sham smoking was devoid of any hemodynamic and neurohumoral effect. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that in humans the sympathetic activation induced by smoking depends on an increased release and/or a reduced clearance of catecholamines at the neuroeffector junctions. Central sympathetic activity is inhibited by smoking, presumably via a baroreceptor stimulation triggered by the smoking-related pressor response. The baroreflex is impaired by smoking, however, indicating that partial inability to reflexly counteract the effect of sympathetic activation is also responsible for the pressor response.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Specifically, nicotine instigates cardiovascular constriction by direct stimulation of epinephrine and norepinephrine release from peripheral sympathetic nerve endings [40].”
From Acute Effects of Nicotine on Physiological and Subjective Sexual Arousal in Nonsmoking Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2008) · cites this paper as [40]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The attenuation of physiological sexual arousal following nicotine administration is consistent with literature delineating nicotine’s effects on sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity.”
From Acute Effects of Nicotine on Physiological and Subjective Sexual Arousal in Nonsmoking Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2008) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“These and other studies24,25 indicate that despite the ease of measurement, heart rate cannot be taken as either a marker of cardiac sympathetic adrenergic activity or a reliable indicator of sympathetic activity to other regional circulations.”
From The Sympathetic Nervous System Alterations in Human Hypertension (2015) · cites this paper as [24]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.
Research works printed but not linked: 29
- Che S. Actions of nicotine and smoking on circulation. Pharmacol Ther. 1982;17:129-141.
- Cellina GU, Honour AJ, Littler WA. Direct arterial pressure, heart rate and electrocardiogram during cigarette smoking in unre- stricted patients. Am Heart J. 1975;89:18-25.
- Trap-Jensen J. Effects of smoking on the heart and peripheral circulation. Am Heart J. 1988;115:258-263.
- Groppelli A, Giorgi DMA, Omboni S, Parati G, Mancia G. Per- sistent blood pressure increase induced by heavy smoking. JHypertens. 1992;10:495-499.
- Cryer PA, Haymond MW, Santiago JV, Shah SD. Norepinephrine and epinephrine release and adrenergic mediation of smoking- associated hemodynamic and metabolic events. N Engl J Med. 1976;295:573-577.
- Baer L, Radichevich I. Cigarette smoking in hypertensive patients. Am J Med. 1985;78:564-568.
- Trap-Jensen L, Carlen JE, Svensen TL, Christensen NS. Cardio- vascular and adrenergic effects of cigarette smoking during immediate non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blockade in humans. Eur J Clin Invest. 1979;9:181-183.
- Niedermaier ON, Smith HL, Beightol LA, Zukowska-Grojec Z, Goldstein DS, Eckberg DL. Influence of cigarette smoking on human autonomic function. Circulation. 1993;88:562-571.
- Wesseling KH, Settels JJ, De Wit B. The measurement of con- tinuous finger arterial pressure noninvasively in stationary subjects. In: Schmid TH, Dembroski TM, Bluemchen G, eds. Biological and Psychological Factors in Cardiovascular Disease. Berlin, Germany: Springer Verlag; 1986:355-375.
- Parati G, Casadei R, Groppelli A, Di Rienzo M, Mancia G. Com- parison of finger and intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring at rest and during laboratory testing. Hypertension. 1989;13:647-655.
- Greenfield ADM, Whithey RJ, Mowbray JF. Methods for investi- gation of peripheral flow. Br Med Bull. 1963;19:101-109.
- Vallbo AB, Hagbarth KE, Torebjork HF, Wallin BG. Soma- tosensory, proprioceptive, and sympathetic activity in human peripheral nerves. Physiol Rev. 1979;59:919-957.
- Mark AL, Victor RG, Nerhed C, Wallin BG. Microneurographic studies of the mechanisms of sympathetic nerve responses to static exercise in humans. Circ Res. 1985;57:461-469.
- Wallin BG, Fagius J. Peripheral sympathetic neural activity in conscious humans. Annu Rev Physiol. 1988;50:565-576.
- Hijemdal P, Daleskog M, Kanan T. Determination of plasma cat- echolamines by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection: comparison with a radioenzymatic method. Life Sci. 1979;25:131-138.
- Sealey JE, Laragh JH. How to do a plasma renin assay. Cardiovasc Med. 1977;2:1079-1092.
- Merkelbach M, Czernichow P, Gallard RC, Vallotton MB. Radio- immunoassay of 8-arginine vasopressin. Acta EndocrinoL 1975;80: 453-464.
- Fernstrom JD, Fischer LA, Cusack BM, Gillis MA. Radioimmu- nologic detection and measurement of nonapeptides in the pineal gland. Endocrinology. 1980;106:243-251.
- Feyerabend C, Russel NAH. Improved gas-chromatography method and micro-extraction technique for measurement of nicotine in biological fluids. J Pharm PharmacoL 1979;31:73-76.
- Ludbrook J. On making multiple comparisons in clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology. Clin Exp Pharmacol PhysioL 1991;18:379-392.
- Armitage AK, Hall GH. Further evidence relating to the mode of action of nicotine in the central nervous system. Nature. 1967;214: 977-979.
- Robertson D, Tseng CJ, Appalsamy M. Smoking and mechanisms of cardiovascular control. Am Heart J. 1988;115:258-263.
- Brezenoff HE, Jenden DJ. Changes in arterial blood pressure after microinjections of charbalol into the medulla and IVth ventricle of the rat brain. Neuropharmacology. 1970;9:340-348.
- Tseng CJ, Appalsamy M, Robertson D. Nicotine elicits hyper- tension in the ventral lateral medulla of the rat. Pharmacologist. 1987;29:115-120.
- Zapata P, Zuazo A, Llados F. Respiratory and circulatory reflexes induced by nicotine injections: role of carotid body chemore- ceptors. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1976;219:128-139.
- Trezbski A, Raczkowska M, Kubin L. Influence of respiratory activity and hypocapnia on the carotid baroreceptor reflex in man. In: Sleight P, ed. Arterial Baroreceptors and Hypertension. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 1980:282-290.
- Husain MK, Frantz AG, Ciarochi F, Robinson AG. Nicotine- stimulated release of neurophysin and vasopressin in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975;41:1113-1117.
- Castro de Souza EM, Silva MRE Jr. The release of vasopressin by nicotine: further studies on its site of action. J Physiol. 1977;265: 297-311.
- Floras JS, Aylward PE, Abboud FM, Mark AL. Inhibition of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans by arginine vaso- pressin. Hypertension. 1987;10:409-416.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Raza, H., John, A., & Nemmar, A. (2013) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000350087 · Cited by 47,311
2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
Authors Task Force Members, Mancia, G., Fagard, R., Narkiewicz, K., Redon, J., Zanchetti, A., Böhm, M., Christiaens, T., Cífková, R., Backer, G. D., et al. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht151 · Cited by 13,739
Self-citation2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension
Mancia, G., Backer, G. D., Dominiczak, A. F., Cífková, R., Fagard, R. H., Germanò, G., Grassi, G. M., Heagerty, A. M., Kjeldsen, S. E., Laurent, S., et al. (2007) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3281fc975a · Cited by 5,870
“The mechanism is likely to be a stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system at central level and at nerve endings, which is responsible for an increase in plasma catecholamines parallel to the blood pressure increase.(503,504) Paradoxically, several epidemiological studies have found that blood pressure levels among…”
BackgroundSelf-citationMancia, G., Fagard, R., Narkiewicz, K., Redón, J., Zanchetti, A., Böhm, M., Christiaens, T., Cifkova, R., De Backer, G., Dominiczak, A., et al. (2013) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000431740.32696.cc · Cited by 5,655
Self-citationMancia, G., Kreutz, R., Brunström, M., Burnier, M., Grassi, G., Januszewicz, A., Muiesan, M. L., Tsioufis, K., Agabiti-Rosei, E., Algharably, E. A. E., et al. (2023) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000003480 · Cited by 3,473
Self-citation2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
Mancia, G., Backer, G. D., Dominiczak, A. F., Cifkova, R., Fagard, R., Germano, G., Grassi, G. M., Heagerty, A. M., Kjeldsen, S. E., Laurent, S., et al. (2007) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm236 · Cited by 2,410
Self-citation2013 ESH/ESC Practice Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension
Mancia, G., Fagard, R. H., Narkiewicz, K., Redón, J., Zanchetti, A., Böhm, M., Christiaens, T. C., Cífková, R., Backer, G. D., Dominiczak, A. F., et al. (2013) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.3109/08037051.2014.868629 · Cited by 749
Self-citationDaskalopoulou, S. S., Rabi, D. M., Zarnke, K. B., Dasgupta, K., Nerenberg, K. A., Cloutier, L., Gelfer, M., Lamarre-Cliché, M., Milot, A., Bolli, P., et al. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2015.02.016 · Cited by 690
“Smoking causes an acute increase in BP and heart rate, persisting for more than 15 min after smoking one cigarette [340], as a consequence of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system at the central level and at the nerve endings [379].”
BackgroundWound Healing and Infection in Surgery
Sørensen, L. T. (2012) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e31824f632d · Cited by 711
The Sympathetic Nervous System Alterations in Human Hypertension
Grassi, G., Mark, A., & Esler, M. (2015) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.303604 · Cited by 616
Self-citationSalivary α‐Amylase in Biobehavioral Research: Recent Developments and Applications
GRANGER, D. A., KIVLIGHAN, K. T., El‐SHEIKH, M., GORDIS, E. B., & STROUD, L. R. (2007) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1384.008 · Cited by 572
How to assess sympathetic activity in humans
Grassi, G., & Esler, M. (1999) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199917060-00001 · Cited by 455
Self-citationAutonomic Tone as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor: The Dangers of Chronic Fight or Flight
Curtis, B. M., & O’Keefe, J. H. (2002) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/77.1.45 · Cited by 460
Sympathetic Activation and Loss of Reflex Sympathetic Control in Mild Congestive Heart Failure
Grassi, G. M., Seravalle, G., Cattaneo, B. M., Lanfranchi, A. K., Vailati, S., Giannattasio, C., Bo, A. D., Sala, C., Bolla, G. B., Pozzi, M., et al. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.11.3206 · Cited by 431
Self-citation2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
Mancia, G., Fagard, R. H., Narkiewicz, K., Redón, J., Zanchetti, A., Böhm, M., Christiaens, T. C., Cífková, R., Backer, G. D., Dominiczak, A. F., et al. (2013) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.3109/08037051.2013.812549 · Cited by 430
Self-citation2007 ESH‐ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
Mansia, G., Backer, G. D., Dominiczak, A. F., Cífková, R., Fagard, R. H., Germanò, G., Grassi, G. M., Heagerty, A. M., Kjeldsen, S. E., Laurent, S., et al. (2007) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.1080/08037050701461084 · Cited by 361
“(503,504) Paradoxically, several epidemiological studies have found that blood pressure levels among cigarette smokers were the same as, or lower than, those in non-smokers.”
BackgroundSelf-citationCigarette Smoking Increases Sympathetic Outflow in Humans
Narkiewicz, K., van de Borne, P. J. H., Hausberg, M., Cooley, R. L., Winniford, M. D., Davison, D. E., & Somers, V. K. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.6.528 · Cited by 338
A Risk Score for Predicting Near-Term Incidence of Hypertension: The Framingham Heart Study
Parikh, N. I., Pencina, M. J., Wang, T. J., Benjamin, E. J., Lanier, K. J., Levy, D. A., D’Agostino, R. B., Kannel, W. B., & Vasan, R. S. (2008) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-2-200801150-00005 · Cited by 314
“The association between cigarette smoking and elevated blood pressure is probably mediated by mechanisms that increase sympathetic nervous system activation (50, 51) and may be influenced by mechanisms leading to arterial stiffness (52, 53).”
BackgroundImpact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Sympathetic Neural Mechanisms in Hypertension
Huggett, R. J., Scott, E. M., Gilbey, S. G., Stoker, J. B., Mackintosh, A. F., & Mary, D. A. S. G. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000103123.66264.fe · Cited by 305
Nicotine and sympathetic neurotransmission
Haass, M., & K�bler, W. (1997) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/bf00053022 · Cited by 298
“This notion is mainly derived from the close relationship between plasma concentrations of nicotine and the cardiovascular effects observed during cigarette smoking [2,12].”
BackgroundSmoking and hormones in health and endocrine disorders
Kapoor, D., & Jones, T. H. (2005) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.01867 · Cited by 291
Talukder, M. A. H., Johnson, W. M., Varadharaj, S., Lian, J., Kearns, P. N., Elmahdy, M., Liu, X., & Zweier, J. L. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00868.2010 · Cited by 287
Mitchell, G. F., Vita, J. A., Larson, M. G., Parise, H., Keyes, M. J., Warner, E., Vasan, R. S., Levy, D. A., & Benjamin, E. J. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.551168 · Cited by 282
Sørensen, L. T., Jørgensen, S., Petersen, L. J., Hemmingsen, U., Bülow, J., Loft, S. H., & Gottrup, F. (2008) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2008.02.066 · Cited by 263
Effects of Smoking Cessation on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Habitual Smokers
Minami, J., Ishimitsu, T., & Matsuoka, H. (1999) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.33.1.586 · Cited by 255
The impact of smoking on the development of diabetes and its complications
Śliwińska‐Mossoń, M., & Milnerowicz, H. (2017) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.1177/1479164117701876 · Cited by 269
Adverse Effects of Cigarette and Noncigarette Smoke Exposure on the Autonomic Nervous System
Middlekauff, H. R., Park, J., & Moheimani, R. S. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.06.1201 · Cited by 240
Kim, S., Han, H. J., Chae, G., Lee, S.-H., Bo, S., Yoon, J., Lee, Y.-S., Lee, K.-S., Park, H.-K., & Kang, K. (2006) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1634/stemcells.2005-0365 · Cited by 237
Gourlay, S. G., & Benowitz, N. L. (1997) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0009-9236(97)90124-7 · Cited by 223
Smith, C. (2001) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00570-6 · Cited by 226
Smoking, Chronic Wound Healing, and Implications for Evidence-Based Practice
McDaniel, J. C., & Browning, K. K. (2014) · Journal of Wound Ostomy and Continence Nursing · doi:10.1097/won.0000000000000057 · Cited by 229
Grassi, G. M., Cattaneo, B. M., Seravalle, G., Lanfranchi, A. K., Pozzi, M., Morganti, A., Carugo, S., & Mancia, G. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.4.1173 · Cited by 206
Self-citationCigarette smoking during pregnancy
Shea, A. K., & Steiner, M. S. (2008) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200701825908 · Cited by 207
Rate, Predictors, and Consequences of Hemodynamic Depression After Carotid Artery Stenting
Gupta, R. G., Abou‐Chebl, A., Bajzer, C., Schumacher, H. C., & Yadav, J. S. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.08.079 · Cited by 188
Variables Influencing Heart Rate
Valentini, M., & Parati, G. (2009) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2009.05.004 · Cited by 192
Behavioral and Emotional Triggers of Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Critique
Strike, P. C., & Steptoe, A. (2005) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000155663.93160.d2 · Cited by 180
“Acutely, tobacco smoking increases catecholamine and cortisol levels, heart rate, and blood pressure (45), impairs endothelial function (46), and increases leukocyte counts (47).”
BackgroundOrth, S. R. (2002) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000018401.82863.fd · Cited by 178
“Smoking causes intense sympathetic excitation [12] Until now, no information on this aspect had been paralleled by an increase in blood pressure (up to available, but recently some interesting results have 21 mmHg systolic [13]), tachycardia and increased been reported.”
BackgroundEffects of active and passive tobacco cigarette smoking on heart rate variability
Dinas, P. C., Koutedakis, Y., & Flouris, A. D. (2011) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.140 · Cited by 161
The insulin resistance syndrome and postprandial lipid intolerance in smokers
Eliasson, B., Mero, N., Taskinen, M., & Smith, U. (1997) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(96)06028-5 · Cited by 149
“One reason for the impaired insulin sensitivity in smokers may be increased levels of counterregulatory hormones and increased sympathetic nervous system activity [2,3,9,32].”
BackgroundSørensen, L. T., & Jørgensen, T. (2003) · Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1046/j.1463-1318.2003.00450.x · Cited by 150
Nicotine: the link between cigarette smoking and the progression of renal injury?
Jaimes, E. A., Tian, R.-X., & Raij, L. R. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00693.2006 · Cited by 143
“The transitory increases in blood pressure observed in smokers have been attributed, at least in part, to direct stimulation of postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings, leading to an increase of plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine (9).”
Richards, J. M., Stipelman, B. A., Bornovalova, M. A., Daughters, S. B., Sinha, R., & Lejuez, C. W. (2011) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.06.009 · Cited by 132
“…smoking is associated with increased cardiovascular activation, which is mediated in part by catecholamine release (Cryer, Haymond, Santiago, & Shah, 1976; Grassi et al., 1994), muscle sympathetic nerve excitation (Narkiewicz et al., 1998), and nicotinic receptor stimulation (Haass & Kubler, 1997).”
BackgroundInfluentialEffects of Smoking on Systemic and Intrarenal Hemodynamics
Orth, S. R. (2004) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000093461.36097.d5 · Cited by 131
Xiao, D., Xu, Z., Huang, X., Longo, L. D., Yang, S., & Zhang, L. (2008) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.106203 · Cited by 128
Time Course of Sympathetic Neural Hyperactivity After Uncomplicated Acute Myocardial Infarction
Graham, L., Smith, P. A., Stoker, J. B., Mackintosh, A., & Mary, D. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000025610.14665.21 · Cited by 127
Farsalinos, K. E., Cibella, F., Caponnetto, P., Campagna, D., Morjaria, J. B., Battaglia, E., Caruso, M., Russo, C., & Polosa, R. (2016) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-015-1361-y · Cited by 128
“Smoking causes an immediate elevation of BP and heart rate (HR) due to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system [7].”
BackgroundMantzoros, C. S., Varvarigou, A. A., Kaklamani, V., Beratis, N. G., & Flier, J. S. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.9.4248 · Cited by 124
“Smoking has previously been shown to increase plasma catecholamines and free fatty acid concentrations (38, 39 ).”
BackgroundNeurobiology of Cancer: The Role of β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Various Tumor Environments
Mravec, B., Horváthová, Ľ., & Hunáková, Ľ. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21217958 · Cited by 117
Kadir, T., Pişiriciler, R., Akyüz, S., Yarat, A., Emekli, N., & Ipbüker, A. (2002) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00837.x · Cited by 112
Mantzoros, C. S., Liolios, A. D., Tritos, N. A., Kaklamani, V., Doulgerakis, D. E., Griveas, I., Moses, A. C., & Flier, J. S. (1998) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00335.x · Cited by 109
Leptin levels in smokers and long‐term users of nicotine gum
Eliasson, B., & Smith, U. (1999) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00420.x · Cited by 108
Biochemical Assessment of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Eisenhofer, G., Pamporaki, C., & Lenders, J. W. M. (2023) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnad011 · Cited by 118
The association between smoking and hypertension in a population-based sample of Vietnamese men
Au, T. B., Blizzard, L., Schmidt, M. D., Luc, P. H., Granger, R. H., & Dwyer, T. (2010) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32833310e0 · Cited by 108
Björn Folkow Award Lecture The sympathetic nervous system in hypertension
Mancia, G. (1997) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199715120-00056 · Cited by 107
Self-citationOrth, S. R. (2000) · The Nephron journals/Nephron journals · doi:10.1159/000045708 · Cited by 106
Monfrecola, G., Riccio, G., Savarese, C., et al. (1998) · Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000017980 · Cited by 106
Lucini, D., Bertocchi, F., Malliani, A., & Pagani, M. (1996) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(96)00013-2 · Cited by 106
Sympathetic Modulation of Radial Artery Compliance in Congestive Heart Failure
Grassi, G. M., Giannattasio, C., Failla, M., Pesenti, A. M., Peretti, G., Marinoni, E. C., Fraschini, N., Vailati, S., & Mancia, G. (1995) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.26.2.348 · Cited by 104
Self-citationTobacco Use and Periodontal Disease—The Role of Microvascular Dysfunction
Silva, H. (2021) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology10050441 · Cited by 125
“This pressor response activates the baroreflex, which conversely inhibits the central sympathetic nervous system [76].”
BackgroundMuscle and Skin Sympathetic Nerve Traffic During the “White-Coat” Effect
Grassi, G. M., Turri, C., Vailati, S., Dell’Oro, R., & Mancia, G. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.3.222 · Cited by 101
“The protocol of the study was as follows: (1) the patient was asked to come in the morning to the outpatient clinics, was brought to the laboratory, placed in the supine position, and fitted with the various measuring devices; (2) the microelectrode was manipulated until MSNA (5 patients) or SSNA (5 patients) was obta…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationMechanisms Underlying Cerebrovascular Effects of Cigarette Smoking in Rats In Vivo
Iida, M., Iida, H., Dohi, S., Takenaka, M., & Fujiwara, H. (1998) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.29.8.1656 · Cited by 98
A review of the neuropsychological effects of commonly used prescription medications
Stein, R. A., & Strickland, T. L. (1998) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/13.3.259 · Cited by 98
Nicotine signaling and progression of chronic kidney disease in smokers
Jain, G., & Jaimes, E. A. (2013) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.07.014 · Cited by 99
“Cigarette smoking causes sympathetic stimulation, and a related increase in blood pressure and heart rate that is mediated via direct stimulation of postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings, leading to an increase of plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine; these effects are mediated by nicotine, and a…”
Factors associated with hypotension and bradycardia after carotid angioplasty and stenting
Lin, P. H., Zhou, W., Kougias, P., et al. (2007) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2007.07.020 · Cited by 94
Newly Reported Hypertension After Military Combat Deployment in a Large Population-Based Study
Granado, N. S., Smith, T. C., Swanson, G. M., Harris, R. B., Shahar, E., Smith, B., Boyko, E. J., Wells, T. S., & Ryan, M. A. K. (2009) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.132555 · Cited by 90
Walker, J. F., Collins, L. C., Rowell, P., Goldsmith, L. J., Moffatt, R. J., & STAMFORD, B. A. (1999) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622299050011501 · Cited by 84
Blood Pressure Control in Smokers with Arterial Hypertension Who Switched to Electronic Cigarettes
Polosa, R., Morjaria, J. B., Caponnetto, P., Battaglia, E., Russo, C., Ciampi, C. M., Adams, G. L., & Bruno, C. M. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13111123 · Cited by 83
“Given the well-established acute effect of smoking on immediate vasopressor and tachycardic responses [31,32] and increased arterial stiffness [33], the observed reduction in BP after long-lasting smoking reduction or abstinence is not surprising.”
BackgroundA Review of the Neuropsychological Effects of Commonly Used Prescription Medications
Stein, R. A., & Strickland, T. L. (1998) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/s0887-6177(97)00027-9 · Cited by 98
“Nicotine, a cholinergic agonist, is another stimulant in widespread use which, when taken in via tobacco, may exert positive but very short-lived effects on attention due to only a brief (e.g., 10–15 minutes) surge in blood levels (Grassi et al., 1994).”
Effects of smoking cessation on β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, body weight, and appetite
Stadler, M., Tomann, L., Storka, A., Wolzt, M., Peric, S., Bieglmayer, C., Pacini, G., Dickson, S. L., Brath, H., Bech, P., et al. (2013) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-13-0590 · Cited by 84
Guías de práctica clínica para el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial 2007
(ESH), G. D. T. P. E. T. D. L. H. A. D. L. S. E. D. H., & de Cardiología, D. L. S. E. (2007) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1157/13109650 · Cited by 79
Nodular Glomerulosclerosis in the Nondiabetic Smoker
Nasr, S. H., & D’Agati, V. D. (2007) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2006121328 · Cited by 79
Bhatnagar, A. (2016) · Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports · doi:10.1007/s12170-016-0505-6 · Cited by 79
Phung, V., Jung, W.-S., Nguyen, T.-A., et al. (2018) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c8nr06444j · Cited by 77
Evaluation of Macular Perfusion in Healthy Smokers by Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Ayhan, Z., Kaya, M., Öztürk, T., et al. (2017) · Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina · doi:10.3928/23258160-20170802-03 · Cited by 76
Gonzalez, J. E., & Cooke, W. H. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00448.2020 · Cited by 80
“Smoking tobacco cigarettes is accompanied by increases in arterial pressure, heart rate, vascular resistance, and circulating catecholamines (6, 7).”
BackgroundNEW INSIGHTS INTO THE SYMPATHETIC, ENDOTHELIAL AND CORONARY EFFECTS OF NICOTINE
Adamopoulos, D. N., van de Borne, P., & Argacha, J. (2008) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04896.x · Cited by 77
“Nicotine activates sympathetic neurotransmission by a direct effect on the central nervous system(8) by stimulating ganglionic sympathetic neurotransmission(9) and by facilitating catecholamine release by postganglionic nerve endings.(10) This sympathetic activation increases myocardial contractility and heart rate th…”
BackgroundLin, S., Young, J. G., Logan, R. W., Tchetgen, E. J. T., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2016) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000609 · Cited by 77
The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Exercise Capacity in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
Gardner, A. W. (1996) · Vascular Medicine · doi:10.1177/1358863x9600100302 · Cited by 73
Kerr, D. M. I., Brooksbank, K. J. M., Taylor, R. G., Pinel, K., Rios, F. J. O., Touyz, R. M., & Delles, C. (2018) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000001890 · Cited by 72
“[15] which demonstrated significant increases in HR, SBP and DBP which were accompanied by increases in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels.”
BackgroundBONNAR, C. E., Davie, A. P., Caruana, L. R., et al. (1999) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.81.3.297 · Cited by 71
2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
(2013) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rec.2013.07.015 · Cited by 70
Physiology in Medicine: Peripheral arterial disease
Muller, M. D., Reed, A. B., Leuenberger, U. A., & Sinoway, L. I. (2013) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00885.2013 · Cited by 69
“Most patients with PAD suffer from comorbid conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and renal disease, and many are cigarette smokers, conditions that by themselves are known to be associated with sympathetic activation and vascular dysfunction (15, 29, 34, 62).”
BackgroundMravec, B., Tibenský, M., Horváthová, Ľ., & Babál, P. (2019) · Cancer Prevention Research · doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0346 · Cited by 74
“Nicotine activates the sympathoadrenal system Importantly, it is well known that nicotine increases the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine due to its stimulatory effect at several levels of the sympathoadrenal system (87).”
BackgroundSjoberg, N. J., & Saint, D. A. (2011) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr004 · Cited by 73
Dimitriadis, K. S., Narkiewicz, K., Leontsinis, I., Konstantinidis, D., Mihas, C. C., Andrikou, I., Thomopoulos, C., Tousoulis, D. M., & Tsioufis, K. P. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19063237 · Cited by 66
“Changes in MSNA, SSNA, blood pressure and heart rate were calculated for the last 2 min of each smoking phase, when the effects of smoking are especially marked [15,16].”
MethodAcute effects of cigarette smoking on the heart rate variability of taxi drivers during work
Kobayashi, F., Watanabe, T., Akamatsu, Y., et al. (2005) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.919 · Cited by 67
“Acute short-term passive smoke exposure has been shown to alter cardiac autonomic function (32) or elicit a modest increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity in healthy nonsmokers (44).”
BackgroundCigarette smoking as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and renal disease: Novel pathogenic insights
Mercado, C., & Jaimes, E. A. (2007) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-007-0012-8 · Cited by 65
Regulation of Feeding-Associated Peptides and Receptors by Nicotine
Li, M. D., Parker, S. L., & Kane, J. K. (2000) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1385/mn:22:1-3:143 · Cited by 65
Cardiovascular autonomic effects of electronic cigarette use: a systematic review
Garcia, P. D., GORNBEIN, J. A., & Middlekauff, H. R. (2020) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-020-00683-4 · Cited by 64
Participation of the Hypothalamus-Hypophysis Axis in the Sympathetic Activation of Human Obesity
Grassi, G. M., Seravalle, G., Dell’Oro, R., Turri, C., Pasqualinotto, L., Colombo, M., & Mancia, G. (2001) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hy1201.096117 · Cited by 65
Self-citationCigarette smoke condensate aggravates renal injury in the renal ablation model
Odoni, G., Ogata, E., Viedt, C., Amann, K., Ritz, E., & Orth, S. R. (2002) · Kidney International · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00382.x · Cited by 63
Oliveira, E., Pinheiro, C. R., Santos-Silva, A. P., Trevenzoli, I. H., Abreu‐Villaça, Y., Neto, J. F. N., dos Reis, A. M., Passos, M. C. F., de Moura, E. G., & Lisboa, P. C. (2010) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe-09-0430 · Cited by 64
“After smoking, plasma levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline rise (Grassi et al. 1994, Walker et al. 1999, Reselandn et al. 2005); these factors play an important role in the development of hypertension.”
BackgroundThe short-term effect of water-pipe smoking on the baroreflex control of heart rate in normotensives
Al-Kubati, M., Al-Kubati, A. S., Al’Absi, M., & Fišer, B. (2006) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.03.007 · Cited by 61
Obesity and Endocrine Dysfunction Programmed by Maternal Smoking in Pregnancy and Lactation
Lisboa, P. C., OLIVEIRA, E. B. D., & de Moura, E. G. (2012) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00437 · Cited by 60
“After the consumption of a few cigarettes, increases in ADH, GH, glucocorticoids, epinephrine, and leptin can be observed (Yeh and Barbieri, 1989; Grassi et al., 1994; Walker et al., 1999; Reseland et al., 2005).”
BackgroundHarte, C. B., & Meston, C. M. (2008) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00778.x · Cited by 60
Graham, L., SMITH, P. A., Stoker, J. B., Mackintosh, A., & Mary, D. (2004) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20030376 · Cited by 60
Harte, C. B., & Meston, C. M. (2008) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00637.x · Cited by 59
Fedorowski, A., Stavenow, L., Hedblad, B., Berglund, G. L., Nilsson, P. M., & Melander, O. (2010) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283350e8c · Cited by 57
Axelsson, T., Jansson, P., Smith, U., et al. (2001) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00840.x · Cited by 58
Disparity of autonomic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Huggett, R. J., SCOTT, E. M., Gilbey, S. G., Bannister, J., Mackintosh, A., & Mary, D. A. S. G. (2004) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1601-6 · Cited by 56
“We avoided the potential effects of race, age, body weight, time of day, dietary sodium intake, arterial blood pressure level, visceral distension, alcohol, nicotine and exercise on the autonomic drive [36, 38–46].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Grassi, G., Seravalle, G., Calhoun, D. A., Bolla, G. B., Giannattasio, C., Marabini, M., Del Bo, A., & Mancia, G.
- Affiliations
- Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo (IT)
- Cattedra Medicina Interna, Ospedale S. Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 1994-07
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 248-253
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2034576097
- Cited by
- 394
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 4.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k11hl002568-05, 5k08hl003220-02)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 03220, HL02568)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, sympathetic nervous system, baroreflex, baroreflex sensitivity, plasma catecholamines, norepinephrine, epinephrine, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure, heart rate, vascular resistance, nicotine, hemodynamic response, reflex mechanisms, phenylephrine infusion, normotensive subjects
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscles, Norepinephrine, Phenylephrine, Smoking, Sympathetic Nervous System
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
