Non-Narcotic Analgesic Dose and Risk of Incident Hypertension in US Women
Open accessAbstract
Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and aspirin are the most commonly used drugs in the United States. Although the frequency of their use has been associated with hypertension, prospective data examining the dose of these drugs and risk of hypertension are lacking. Furthermore, whether certain indications for analgesic use, particularly headache, mediate the association is unclear. We conducted 2 prospective cohort studies among older women 51 to 77 years of age (n=1903) from the Nurses’ Health Study I and younger women 34 to 53 years of age (n=3220) from the Nurses’ Health Study II who completed detailed supplemental questionnaires pertaining to their analgesic use and who did not have hypertension at baseline. We analyzed incident hypertension according to categories of average daily dose of acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and aspirin. Information on indications for analgesic use as well as relevant confounders was also gathered prospectively. Compared with women who did not use acetaminophen, the multivariable adjusted relative risk for those who took >500 mg per day was 1.93 (1.30 to 2.88) among older women and 1.99 (1.39 to 2.85) among younger women. For nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, similar comparisons yielded multivariable relative risks of 1.78 (1.21 to 2.61) among older women and 1.60 (1.10 to 2.32) among younger women. These associations remained significant among women who did not report headache. Aspirin dose was not significantly associated with hypertension. Higher daily doses of acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs independently increase the risk of hypertension in women. Because acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used, they may contribute to the high prevalence of hypertension in the United States.
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are considered one of the most common offending agents affecting blood pressure control.
“With their widespread use, NSAIDs are considered one of the most common offending agents affecting BP control.180,181”
From Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2018) · cites this paper as [181]
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- Authors
- Forman, J. P., Stampfer, M. J., & Curhan, G. C.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 2005-09
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 500-507
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- OpenAlex
- W2145707658
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 8.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nrs.harvard.edu
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Keywords
- non-opioid analgesics, paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, drug dosing, older women, young women, headache, Nurses' Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Headache, Humans, Hypertension, Middle Aged, Nurses, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk, Cohort Studies, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
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