Normotensive blacks have heightened sympathetic response to cold pressor test.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare sympathetic nerve activity responses to the cold pressor test in black and white normotensive subjects. We recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography of the peroneal nerve), arterial blood pressure, and heart rate in 9 normotensive American blacks (24 +/- 2 years, mean +/- SEM) and 10 normotensive American whites (28 +/- 2 years) at rest and during hand immersion in ice water (cold pressor test). Body weight was not different in the two groups (72.4 +/- 3.7 versus 74.1 +/- 3.8 kg, black versus white subjects). During supine rest, mean arterial pressure (92 +/- 2 versus 93 +/- 3 mm Hg, black versus white), heart rate (66 +/- 4 versus 62 +/- 3 beats per minute, black versus white), and muscle sympathetic nerve burst frequency (12 +/- 2 versus 17 +/- 3 bursts per minute, black versus white) were not different in the two groups. During the cold pressor test, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity increased from supine rest in both groups. The magnitudes of increases in mean arterial pressure and total minute muscle sympathetic nerve activity were significantly greater in blacks than whites (33.5 +/- 3 versus 22.4 +/- 3 mm Hg and 416 +/- 24% versus 243 +/- 31% of control, respectively, black versus white, P < .05). The increases in heart rate were most significantly different for the two groups. These data suggest that the enhanced pressor response to cold stress observed in normotensive blacks is attributable to greater increases in peripheral sympathetic nerve activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Insulinemia and sympathetic nerve activity can differ in levels and effects according to ethnicity.
“Finally, because insulinemia and sympathetic nerve activity can differ in levels and effects according to ethnicity, 39,40 we cannot extrapolate our findings beyond those found in our white subjects.”
From Sympathetic Neural Activation in Nondiabetic Metabolic Syndrome and Its Further Augmentation by Hypertension (2004) · cites this paper as [39]
The study's findings cannot be extrapolated beyond white subjects because insulinemia and sympathetic nerve activity can differ in levels and effects according to ethnicity.
“Finally, because insulinemia and sympathetic nerve activity can differ in levels and effects according to ethnicity, 39,40 we cannot extrapolate our findings beyond those found in our white subjects.”
From Sympathetic Neural Activation in Nondiabetic Metabolic Syndrome and Its Further Augmentation by Hypertension (2004) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- Calhoun, D. A., Mutinga, M. L., Collins, A. S., Wyss, J. M., & Oparil, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 1993-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 801-805
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- OpenAlex
- W2168373801
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- National Institutes of Health (5k11hl002568-05)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-07457+, HL 37722, HL02568, R01HL037722, T32HL007457)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- cold pressor test, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, sympathetic nervous system, racial differences, African Americans, normotensive subjects, cold stress, blood pressure response, heart rate
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Blood Pressure, Cold Temperature, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Muscles, Potassium, Sodium, Stress, Physiological, Sympathetic Nervous System, Supine Position, Black People, White People
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